This study will assess whether alternative, high phytoestrogen dietary interventions result in favorable effects on biological parameters that have been associated with hormone-dependent cancers, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.

Condition	Treatment or Intervention	Phase
Cardiovascular Diseases Osteoporosis Breast Cancer Endometrial Cancer	Behavior: American Heart Association Step 1 diet  Behavior: American Heart Association Step 2 diet + 10 g/day flax seed  Behavior: Macrobiotic dietary intervention	Phase II

Further Study Details: 

Broad health effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogens on diseases of aging, including hormone-dependent cancers, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis, are generally recognized. For example, estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) may increase the risk of subsequent breast and endometrial cancer, but also decreases the risk of coronary disease and fractures. Because of the increased cancer risk, many women seek out alternatives to ERT. Phytoestrogens, plant compounds that have estrogenic effects, have been a focus of interest as an alternative to ERT. The isoflavones and lignans are two major classes of phytoestrogens that occur in the food supply. Among the former, soy foods have attracted much interest, while among the latter, whole grains and seeds are sources in a typical diet. More specifically, women consuming a macrobiotic diet have been observed to have extremely high levels of phytoestrogen metabolites in their urine, perhaps 10 to 20 times that seen in women consuming an omnivorous diet. Proponents of a macrobiotic diet have proposed that it is beneficial in the context of cancer therapy, as well as for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

This study will investigate, in a randomized, three-arm study, the effects of two interventions that are high in phytoestrogens on various parameters related to estrogen metabolism and fibrinolysis. Approximately 120 women will be randomized to receive an American Heart Association (AHA) Step 1 diet, an AHA Step 2 diet + 10 g/day flax seed, or a macrobiotic dietary intervention. Blood and urine samples will be drawn at baseline, and at three, six, nine, and twelve months, to examine both short and long-term effects of these interventions. Outcomes include blood and urine levels of total estrogens and estradiol, and related metabolites; antigens to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), fibrin D-dimer, and von Willebrand Factor; and endothelial function as measured by high-resolution ultrasound. Blood levels of antioxidant vitamins and retinoids will also be examined.

This study should provide information on whether these alternative, high phytoestrogen dietary interventions result in favorable effects on these biological parameters that are related to risk of major diseases of aging.

Ages Eligible for Study:  50 Years   -   72 Years,  Genders Eligible for Study:  Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: THIS TRIAL IS RECRUITING IN THE NEW YORK METRO AREA ONLY

• Postmenopausal
• Weight within 90% to 120% of ideal body weight

New York
      Columbia University, New York,  New York,  United States

Study chairs or principal investigators

Dr. Lawrence Kushi,  Principal Investigator,  Columbia University, Teachers College   

Study ID Numbers:  1 P50 AT00090-01P1; 1 P50 AT00090-01
Record last reviewed:  October 2004
Last Updated:  October 18, 2004
Record first received:  February 2, 2001
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:  NCT00010829
Health Authority: United States: Federal Government
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on 2005-04-08