To determine whether hydroxyurea prevents the onset of chronic end organ damage in young children with sickle cell anemia.

Condition	Treatment or Intervention	Phase
Anemia, Sickle Cell Hematologic Diseases Hemoglobinopathies	Drug: hydroxyurea	Phase II

Further Study Details: 

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell anemia is a complex syndrome with multiple organ system disturbances brought about by the interplay of genetic, humoral, vascular and environmental factors. The clinical course can be one of abrupt and insidious exacerbations and remissions, often migratory and repetitive. These events may result in impairment of function, permanently damaged organs, and ultimately death. Although there is wide variability in the clinical expression of sickle cell disease, this complex set of clinical manifestations is experienced by most patients. In addition, there is no evidence that the primary disease process is different in children when compared with adults with regard to painful episodes. However, children have a higher incidence of respiratory viral infections, and are susceptible to pneumococcal septicemia. With the successful completion of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) Trial in adults, attention has now been focused on the use of this agent in children.

The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) has demonstrated that sickle cell anemia patients with increased painful episode rates die at a younger age. In addition, increased levels of fetal hemoglobin are associated with improved survival, and is probably a reliable childhood forecaster of adult life expectancy. The beneficial effect produced by hydroxyurea is thought to occur because it increases fetal hemoglobin levels. Therefore, if chronic end organ damage can be prevented in early childhood by hydroxyurea administration, and if the crisis rate can be decreased by hydroxyurea use early in life, sickle cell anemia patients may experience increased longevity and an improved quality of life.

DESIGN NARRATIVE: The Phase I-Phase II study, HUG-KIDS, examined the safety of hydroxyurea. Children with sickle cell anemia, age 5 to 15 years, were eligible for this multicenter Phase I/II trial. Hydroxyurea was started at 15 mg/kg/d and escalated to 30 mg/kg/d unless the patient experienced laboratory toxicity. Patients were monitored by 2-week visits to assess compliance, toxicity, clinical adverse events, growth parameters, and laboratory efficacy associated with hydroxyurea treatment. Eighty-four children were enrolled between December 1994 and March 1996. Sixty-eight children reached maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and 52 were treated at MTD for 1 year. The study was conducted at four Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers by the following investigators: Thomas R. Kinney at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Kwaku Ohene-Frempong at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Orah S. Platt at Children's Hospital in Boston; and Elliot Vichinsky at Children's Hospital in Oakland, California. The complete study lasted three years.

Ages Eligible for Study:  1 Year   -   18 Years,  Genders Eligible for Study:  Both

Criteria

Children with sickle cell disease and between the ages of five and eighteen years.

Study chairs or principal investigators

Thomas Kinney (Subproject PI),  Duke University   
Kwaku Ohene-Frempong,  Children's Hospital of Philadelphia   
Orah Platt (Subproject PI),  Boston City Hospital   
Elliott Vichinsky (Subproject PI),  University of California, Children's Hospital, Oakland   

Study ID Numbers:  315
Record last reviewed:  August 2000
Last Updated:  October 13, 2004
Record first received:  October 27, 1999
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:  NCT00000602
Health Authority: United States: Federal Government
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on 2005-04-08