Auditory Processing Disorders in Children: What Does It Mean?
... --> Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is a complex problem. The term is used by many people, in very different ways. There is research underway to help understand this disorder. There also is researc...

Traumatic Brain Injury: Cognitive and Communication Disorders
... Traumatic brain injury is sudden physical damage to the brain. The damage may be caused by the head forcefully hitting an object such as the dashboard of a car (closed head injury) or by something pas...

Hearing, Speech, and Language Problems in Children (Silence Isn''t Always Golden)
... Some babies are born with hearing problems. Other children are born with normal hearing and begin to have hearing problems as they grow older. You can help your child's doctor to decide if your ch...

Newborn Hearing Screening: Has Your Baby''s Hearing Been Screened?
... Your baby should have a hearing screening within the first month of life. If hearing loss is suspected, make sure a hearing expert, called an audiologist (aw-dee-AH-luh-jist) tests your baby's hea...

Telecommunications Relay Services
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Apraxia of Speech
... Apraxia of speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently. It is not due to weaknes...

Autism and Communication
... The brain disorder autism begins in early childhood and persists throughout adulthood affecting three crucial areas of development: verbal and nonverbal communication, social interaction, and creative...

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
... Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a childhood disorder. A major feature of LKS is the gradual or sudden loss of the ability to understand and use spoken language. All children with LKS have abnormal e...

Spasmodic Dysphoria
... Spasmodic dysphonia (or laryngeal dystonia) is a voice disorder caused by involuntary movements of one or more muscles of the larynx or voice box. Individuals who have spasmodic dysphonia may have occ...

Stuttering
... Speech is normally produced through a series of precisely coordinated muscle movements involving respiration (the breathing mechanism), phonation (the voicing mechanism) and articulation (throat, pala...

Vocal Cord Paralysis
... Vocal cord paralysis is a voice disorder that occurs when one or both of the vocal cords (or vocal folds) do not open or close properly. Vocal cord paralysis is a common disorder, and symptoms can ran...

What Is Voice? What Is Speech? What Is Language?
... Voice (or vocalization) is the sound produced by humans and other vertebrates using the lungs and the vocal folds in the larynx, or voice box. Voice is not always produced as speech, however. Infants ...