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Neurological Diseases And Disorders
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Nerve Diseases; Neurologic Diseases
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Neurological Diseases And Disorders Articles
- Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Type I Information Page
... Ramsay Hunt syndrome type I, also known as herpes zoster oticus, is a common complication of shingles. Shingles is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is the virus that causes chi...
- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Information Page
... Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADE) is a neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain and spinal cord caused by damage to the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is the fatty c...
- Adrenoleukodystrophy Information Page
... Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is one of a group of genetic disorders called the leukodystrophies that cause damage to the myelin sheath, an insulating membrane that surrounds nerve cells in the brain. Pe...
- Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Information Page
... Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare birth defect in which the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain (the corpus callosum) is partially or completely absent. ACC can occu...
- Agnosia Information Page
... Agnosia is a rare disorder characterized by an inability to recognize and identify objects or persons despite having knowledge of the characteristics of the objects or persons. People with agnosia may...
- Alexander Disease Information Page
... Alexander disease is a rare, genetically determined degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. It is one of a group of disorders known as the leukodystrophies, diseases that result from impe...
- Alternating Hemiplegia Information Page
... Alternating hemiplegia is a rare neurological disorder that develops in childhood, usually before the first 4 years. The disorder is characterized by recurrent but temporary episodes of paralysis on o...
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Information Page
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive, fatal neurological disease affecting as many as 20,000 Americans with 5,000 new cases occurring in the Unit...
- Anencephaly Information Page
... Anencephaly is a defect in the closure of the neural tube during fetal development. The neural tube is a narrow channel that folds and closes between the 3rd and 4th weeks of pregnancy to form the bra...
- Apraxia Information Page
... Apraxia (called "dyspraxia" if mild) is a neurological disorder characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out skilled movements and gestures, despite having the desire and the physical ...
- Arachnoid Cysts Information Page
... Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs that may develop between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane - one of the 3 membranes that cover the brain an...
- Arachnoiditis Information Page
... Arachnoiditis describes a pain disorder caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord. The arachnoid can become inflamed bec...
- Arteriovenous Malformation Information Page
... An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital disorder characterized by a complex, tangled web of arteries and veins. An AVM may occur in the brain, brainstem, or spinal cord and is caused by ab...
- Arteriovenous Malformations and Other Vascular Lesions of the Central Nervous System Fact Sheet Fact Sheet
... Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are defects of the circulatory system that are generally believed to arise during embryonic or fetal development or soon after birth. They are comprised of snarled t...
- Asperger Syndrome Information Page
... Asperger syndrome (AS) is a developmental disorder. It is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), one of a distinct group of neurological conditions characterized by a greater or lesser degree of imp...
- Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Information Page
... Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects 3-5 percent of all American children. It interferes with a person's ability to stay on a task and to exer...
- Autism Information Page
... Autism (sometimes called “classical autism”) is the most common condition in a group of developmental disorders known as the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Other ASDs includ...
- Batten Disease Fact Sheet
... Batten disease is a fatal, inherited disorder of the nervous system that begins in childhood. Early symptoms of this disorder usually appear between the ages of 5 and 10, when parents or physicians ma...
- Batten Disease Information Page
... Batten disease is a fatal, inherited disorder of the nervous system that begins in childhood. In some cases, the early signs are subtle, taking the form of personality and behavior changes, slow learn...
- Bell's Palsy Information Page
... Bell's palsy is a form of facial paralysis resulting from damage to the 7th (facial) cranial nerve. This nerve disorder afflicts approximately 40,000 Americans each year. It can strike almost anyo...
- Bone Marrow Generates New Neurons in Human Brains
... A new study strongly suggests that some cells from bone marrow can enter the human brain and generate new neurons and other types of brain cells. If researchers can find a way to control these cells a...
- Brain and Spinal Tumors Information Page
... Brain and spinal cord tumors are abnormal growths of tissue found inside the skull or the bony spinal column, which are the primary components of the central nervous system (CNS). Benign tumors are no...
- Canavan Disease Information Page
... Canavan disease, one of the most common cerebral degenerative diseases of infancy, is a gene-linked, neurological birth disorder in which the white matter of the brain degenerates into spongy tissue r...
- Cephalic Disorders Information Page
... Cephalic disorders are congenital conditions that stem from damage to or abnormal development of the budding nervous system. Most cephalic disorders are caused by a disturbance that occurs very early ...
- Cerebral Atrophy Information Page
... Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. Atrophy of any tissue means loss of cells. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections ...
- Cerebral Hypoxia Information Page
... Cerebral hypoxia refers to a condition in which there is a decrease of oxygen supply to the brain even though there is adequate blood flow. Drowning, strangling, choking, suffocation, cardiac arrest, ...
- Cerebral Palsy Information Page
... Cerebral palsy is an umbrella-like term used to describe a group of chronic disorders impairing control of movement that appear in the first few years of life and generally do not worsen over time. Th...
- Cerebral Palsy: Hope Through Research
... In the 1860s, an English surgeon named William Little wrote the first medical descriptions of a puzzling disorder that struck children in the first years of life, causing stiff, spastic muscles in the...
- Chairs, Houses & Visual Clutter: Watching the Brain at Work
... Watching the Brain at Work Is the brain hard-wired for houses? When NIMH neuroscientists Dr. James Haxby and colleagues flashed pictures of faces, houses and chairs in front of subjects while their me...
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disorder Information Page
... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder (CMT) is an inherited neurological disease characterized by a slowly progressive degeneration of the muscles in the foot, lower leg, hand, and forearm, and a mild loss of ...
- Chiari Malformation Information Page
... Arnold-Chiari Malformation is a condition in which the cerebellum portion of the brain protrudes into the spinal canal. It may or may not be apparent at birth. Arnold-Chiari I type malformation usuall...
- Chronic Pain Information Page
... While acute pain is a normal sensation triggered in the nervous system to alert you to possible injury and the need to take care of yourself, chronic pain is different. Chronic pain persists. Pain sig...
- Coma and Persistent Vegetative State Information Page
... A coma is a profound or deep state of unconsciousness. An individual in a state of coma is alive but unable to move or respond to his or her environment. Coma may occur as a complication of an underly...
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Information Page
... Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic condition characterized by severe burning pain, pathological changes in bone and skin, excessive sweating, tissue swelling, and extreme sensitivity t...
- Corticobasal Degeneration Information Page
... Corticobasal degeneration is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by nerve cell loss and atrophy (shrinkage) of multiple areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex and the basal gan...
- Craniosynostosis Information Page
... Craniosynostosis is a birth defect of the brain characterized by the premature closure of one or more of the fibrous joints between the bones of the skull (called the cranial sutures) before brain gro...
- Depression and Parkinson's Disease
... Symptoms of Depression Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activitie...
- Dermatomyositis Information Page
... Dermatomyositis is one of a group of acquired muscle diseases called inflammatory myopathies. The disease, which has a somewhat severe onset, affects both children and adults. Females are more often a...
- Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes
... Diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. People with diabetes can, over time, have damage to nerves throughout the body. Neuropathies lead to numbness and sometimes pa...
- Dysautonomia Information Page
... Dysautonomia refers to a disorder of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Most physicians view dysautonomia in terms of failure of the sympathetic or parasympathetic components of the ANS, but dys...
- Dystonias Information Page
... The dystonias are movement disorders in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. The movements, which are involuntary and sometimes painful, ma...
- Epilepsy Information Page
... Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain sometimes signal abnormally. In epilepsy, the normal pattern of neuronal activity becomes disturbed, causing str...
- Fabry's Disease Information Page
... Fabry disease is a lipid storage disorder caused by the deficiency of an enzyme involved in the biodegradation of fats. The enzyme is known as ceramidetrihexosidase, also called alpha-galactosidase A....
- Familial dysautonomia
... Familial dysautonomia affects the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary actions such as digestion, breathing, tearing, and the regulation of blood pressure and body temperature. This co...
- Familial Periodic Paralyses Information Page
... Familial periodic paralyses are a group of inherited neurological disorders caused by mutations in genes that regulate sodium and calcium channels in nerve cells. They are characterized by episodes in...
- Febrile Seizures Information Page
... Febrile seizures are convulsions brought on by a fever in infants or small children. During a febrile seizure, a child often loses consciousness and shakes, moving limbs on both sides of the body. Les...
- Genes and Disease: Familial Mediterranean fever
... Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) occurs most commonly in people of non-Ashkenazi Jewish, Armenian, Arab, and Turkish background. As many as 1 in 200 people in these populations have the disease, wit...
- Genes and Disease: The Nervous System
... The brain and nervous system form an intricate network of electrical signals that are responsible for coordinating muscles, the senses, speech, memories, thought and emotion. Several diseases that dir...
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome Information Page
... Guillain-Barré (ghee-yan bah-ray) syndrome is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying...
- Hallervorden-Spatz Disease Information Page
... Hallervorden-Spatz disease, also called Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation, is a rare, inherited, neurological movement disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the nervous sy...
- Headache Information Page
... A headache happens when pain-sensitive nerve fibers (called nociceptors) are triggered in the network of nerves that extends over the scalp, face, and along the surface and the base of the brain. Nine...
- Hemifacial Spasm Information Page
... Hemifacial spasm is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by frequent involuntary contractions of the muscles on one side of the face. The disorder occurs in both men and women, although it more freq...
- Huntington's Disease: Hope Through Research
... In 1872, the American physician George Huntington wrote about an illness that he called "an heirloom from generations away back in the dim past." He was not the first to describe the disorder, which h...
- Hydranencephaly Information Page
... Hydranencephaly is a rare condition in which the brain's cerebral hemispheres are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid. An infant with hydranencephaly may appear normal at b...
- Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet
... The term hydrocephalus is derived from the Greek words "hydro" meaning water and "cephalus" meaning head. As its name implies, it is a condition in which the primary characteristic is excessive accumu...
- Klüver-Bucy Syndrome Information Page
... Klü ver-Bucy syndrome is a rare neurological disorder that causes individuals to put objects in their mouths and engage in inappropriate sexual behavior. Other symptoms may include visual agnosia...
- Landau-Kleffner Syndrome Information Page
... Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a rare, childhood neurological disorder characterized by the sudden or gradual development of aphasia (the inability to understand or express language) and an abnorma...
- Learning Disabilities Information Page
... Learning disabilities are disorders that affect the ability to understand or use spoken or written language, do mathematical calculations, coordinate movements, or direct attention. Although learning ...
- Leigh's Disease Information Page
... Leigh's disease is a rare inherited neurometabolic disorder characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system. Leigh's disease can be caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA or by d...
- Leukodystrophy Information Page
... Leukodystrophy refers to progressive degeneration of the white matter of the brain due to imperfect growth or development of the myelin sheath, the fatty covering that acts as an insulator around nerv...
- Lissencephaly Information Page
... Lissencephaly, which literally means "smooth brain," is a rare, gene-linked brain malformation characterized by the absence of normal convolutions (folds) in the cerebral cortex and an abnormally smal...
- Locked-In Syndrome Information Page
... Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in all parts of the body except for those that control eye movement. It may result from trau...
- Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Information Page
... Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is one of a group of genetic disorders called the leukodystrophies. These are diseases that impair the growth or development of the myelin sheath, the fatty covering...
- Mitochondrial Myopathies Information Page
... Mitochondrial myopathies are a group of neuromuscular diseases caused by damage to the mitochondria-small, energy-producing structures found in every cell in the body that serve as the cells' "pow...
- Multi-Infarct Dementia Information Page
... Multi-infarct dementia (MID), a common cause of dementia in the elderly, occurs when blood clots block small blood vessels in the brain and destroy brain tissue. Probable risk factors are high blood p...
- Multiple Sclerosis Information Page
... Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease diagnosed primarily in adults between the ages of 20 and 50. It is caused by the inflammation and scarring (sclerosis) of the myelin sheath (a fatty coveri...
- Multiple Sclerosis: Hope Through Research
... Although multiple sclerosis (MS) was first diagnosed in 1849, the earliest known description of a person with possible MS dates from fourteenth century Holland. An unpredictable disease of the central...
- Muscular Dystrophy Information Page
... The muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles which control movement. There are many forms of muscular dy...
- Myasthenia Gravis Information Page
... Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. The hallmark of myasthenia gravis is muscl...
- Narcolepsy Information Page
... Narcolepsy is a disabling neurological disorder of sleep regulation that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness. It may be described as an intrusion of the dreaming state of sleep (called REM or...
- Neurofibromatosis Information Page
... The neurofibromatoses are genetic disorders of the nervous system that primarily affect the development and growth of neural (nerve) cell tissues. These disorders cause tumors to grow on nerves and pr...
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Information Page
... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening, neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs. Symptoms include high fever, sweating, unsta...
- Neurological Complications of AIDS Information Page
... Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the result of an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus attacks selected cells of the immune, nervous, and other systems and im...
- Neurological Complications Of Lyme Disease Information Page
... Lyme disease is caused by a bacterial organism that is transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected tick. Most people bitten by an infected tick develop a characteristic skin rash around the area...
- Neurological Sequelae Of Lupus Information Page
... Lupus (also called systemic lupus erythematosus) is a disorder of the immune system. Normally, the immune system protects the body against invading infections and cancers. In lupus, the immune system ...
- Neurosarcoidosis Information Page
... Sarcoidosis is a progressive multi-system disease that commonly affects young adults. Neurosarcoidosis refers to the neurological manifestations of sarcoidosis. Symptoms vary widely and may include fa...
- Neurotoxicity Information Page
... Neurotoxicity occurs when the exposure to natural or manmade toxic substances (neurotoxicants) alters the normal activity of the nervous system. This can eventually disrupt or even kill neurons, key c...
- Niemann-Pick Disease Information Page
... Niemann-Pick disease (NP) is an inherited metabolic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance accumulate in the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and, in some people, the brain. The d...
- Ohtahara Syndrome Information Page
... Ohtahara syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures. The disorder affects newborns, usually within the first three months of life. Individuals with Ohtahara syndrome often have ment...
- Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Information Page
... Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) refers to a group of ataxias characterized by progressive neurological degeneration affecting the cerebellum, the pons and the inferior olives. OPCA may be classifi...
- Paresthesia Information Page
... Paresthesia refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body. The sensation, which happens without warni...
- Parkinson's Disease: Hope Through Research
... Parkinson's disease may be one of the most baffling and complex of the neurological disorders. Its cause remains a mystery but research in this area is active, with new and intriguing findings con...
- Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease Information Page
... Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a rare, progressive, degenerative central nervous system disorder in which coordination, motor abilities, and intellectual function deteriorate. The disease is on...
- Peripheral Neuropathy Information Page
... Peripheral neuropathy describes damage to the peripheral nerves, the vast communications network that transmits information from the brain and spinal cord to every other part of the body. It may be ca...
- Pick's Disease Information Page
... Pick's disease is a form of dementia characterized by a slowly progressive deterioration of social skills and changes in personality, along with impairment of intellect, memory, and language. Alth...
- Post-Polio Syndrome Information Page
... Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can strike polio survivors anywhere from 10 to 40 years after their recovery from polio. PPS is caused by the death of individual nerve terminals in the m...
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Information Page
... Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an infrequent disorder of the nervous system that primarily affects individuals with suppressed immune systems (including, allograft recipients such...
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Information Page
... Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare brain disorder that causes serious and permanent problems with control of gait and balance. The most obvious sign of the disease is an inability to aim t...
- Pseudotumor Cerebri Information Page
... Pseudotumor cerebri literally means "false brain tumor." It is likely due to high pressure caused by the buildup or poor absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space surrounding the bra...
- Rett Syndrome Information Page
... Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder in which individuals exhibit reduced muscle tone, autistic-like behavior, hand movements consisting mainly of wringing and waving, loss of purposef...
- Schilder's Disease Information Page
... Note: Schilder's disease is not the same as Addison-Schilder disease (adrenoleukodystrophy). Schilder's disease is a rare progressive demyelinating disorder which usually begins in childhood. ...
- Seizures and Epilepsy: Hope Through Research
... Few experiences match the drama of a convulsive seizure. A person having a severe seizure may cry out, fall to the floor unconscious, twitch or move uncontrollably, drool, or even lose bladder control...
- Spasticity Information Page
... Spasticity is a condition in which certain muscles are continuously contracted. This contraction causes stiffness or tightness of the muscles and may interfere with movement, speech, and manner of wal...
- Spinal Cord Injury Information Page
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when a traumatic event results in damage to cells within the spinal cord or severs the nerve tracts that relay signals up and down the spinal cord. The most common type...
- Stiff-Person Syndrome Information Page
... Stiff-person syndrome is a rare progressive neurological disorder characterized by constant painful contractions and spasms of voluntary muscles, particularly the muscles of the back and upper legs. S...
- Striatonigral Degeneration Information Page
... Striatonigral degeneration is a neurological disorder caused by a disruption in the connection between two areas of the brain-the striatum and the substantia nigra. These two areas work together to en...
- Stroke Information Page
... A stroke happens when blood flow to the brain stops. There are two different kinds of stroke. The most common is an ischemic stroke, caused by a blood clot that blocks a blood vessel or artery in the ...
- Study Reveals Patterns of Gene Activity in the Mouse Nervous System
... The first published data from a government-funded project provide remarkable new insights into where specific genes are active in the mouse nervous system during development and adulthood. Information...
- Sturge-Weber Syndrome Information Page
... Sturge-Weber syndrome (also called "encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis") is a congenital disorder characterized by a vascular birthmark and neurological abnormalities. Symptoms of the disorder, which va...
- Syringomyelia Information Page
... Syringomyelia (sear-IN-go-my-EEL-ya) is a disorder in which a cyst forms within the spinal cord. This cyst, called a syrinx, expands and elongates over time, destroying the center of the spinal cord. ...
- Tardive Dyskinesia Information Page
... Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological syndrome caused by the long-term use of neuroleptic drugs. Neuroleptic drugs are generally prescribed for psychiatric disorders, as well as for some gastrointestin...
- Tay-Sachs Disease Information Page
... Tay-Sachs disease is a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance called ganglioside GM2 accumulate in the nerve cells in the brain. Infants with Tay-Sachs disease appear ...
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Information Page
... Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) consists of a group of distinct disorders that affect the nerves in the brachial plexus (nerves that pass into the arms from the neck) and various nerves and blood vesse...
- Tourette Syndrome Information Page
... Tourette Syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological disorder characterized by repeated involuntary movements and uncontrollable vocal sounds called tics. In a few cases, such tics can include inapprop...
- Transverse Myelitis Fact Sheet
... Transverse myelitis is a neurological disorder caused by inflammation across both sides of one level, or segment, of the spinal cord. The term myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord; trans...
- Traumatic Brain Injury Information Page
... Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when a sudden physical assault on the head causes damage to the brain. The damage can be focal, confined to one area of the brain, or diffuse, involving more than o...
- Tremor Information Page
... Tremor is a rhythmic, involuntary muscular contraction characterized by oscillations (to-and-fro movements) of a part of the body. The most common of all involuntary movements, tremor can affect vario...
- Trigeminal Neuralgia Information Page
... Trigeminal neuralgia, also called tic douloureux, is a condition that affects the trigeminal nerve (the 5th cranial nerve), one of the largest nerves in the head. The trigeminal nerve is responsible f...
- Tuberous Sclerosis Fact Sheet
... Tuberous sclerosis-also called tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1 - is a rare, multi-system genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys,...
- Tuberous Sclerosis Information Page
... Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic, neurological disorder primarily characterized by seizures, mental retardation, and skin and eye lesions. In some cases, neurobehavioral problems may also occur. I...
- Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) Information Page
... von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare, genetic multi-system disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of tumors in certain parts of the body (angiomatosis). The tumors of the central nervous s...
- What We Learned From Songbirds
... The Adult Brain Can Generate New Nerve Cells Once, neuroscientists believed that our complement of nerve cells was created prenatally and during the first years of life, and that no new neurons could ...
- Williams Syndrome Information Page
... Williams syndrome is a rare, congenital (present at birth) disorder characterized by physical and developmental problems including an impulsive and outgoing (excessively social) personality, limited s...
- Wilson's Disease Information Page
... Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the body. Although the accumulation of copper begins at birth, symptoms of the disorder appear later in...
- Zellweger Syndrome Information Page
... Zellweger syndrome is a rare, congenital (present at birth) disorder characterized by the reduction or absence of peroxisomes (cell structures that rid the body of toxic substances) in the cells of th...
[ Disclaimer: The information on GoldBamboo for any particular treatment, medicine, drug, or herbal product might be missing or incomplete, and should never be used as a single source of knowledge. GoldBamboo generally has links to authoritative sites displayed toward the bottom of each topic page under the heading "Resources". ]
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