Traumatic Brain Injury: Cognitive and Communication Disorders
... Traumatic brain injury is sudden physical damage to the brain. The damage may be caused by the head forcefully hitting an object such as the dashboard of a car (closed head injury) or by something pas...

Hearing, Speech, and Language Problems in Children (Silence Isn''t Always Golden)
... Some babies are born with hearing problems. Other children are born with normal hearing and begin to have hearing problems as they grow older. You can help your child's doctor to decide if your ch...

Captions for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Viewers
... Captions are words displayed on a television screen that describe the audio or sound portion of a program. Captions allow viewers who are deaf or hard of hearing to follow the dialogue and the action ...

Telecommunications Relay Services
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Protect Your Ears
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Aphasia
... Anyone can acquire aphasia, but most people who have aphasia are in their middle to late years. Men and women are equally affected. It is estimated that approximately 80,000 individuals acquire aphasi...

Autism and Communication
... The brain disorder autism begins in early childhood and persists throughout adulthood affecting three crucial areas of development: verbal and nonverbal communication, social interaction, and creative...

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
... Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a childhood disorder. A major feature of LKS is the gradual or sudden loss of the ability to understand and use spoken language. All children with LKS have abnormal e...

Spasmodic Dysphoria
... Spasmodic dysphonia (or laryngeal dystonia) is a voice disorder caused by involuntary movements of one or more muscles of the larynx or voice box. Individuals who have spasmodic dysphonia may have occ...

Ménière''s Disease
... The symptoms of Ménière's disease are associated with a change in fluid volume within a portion of the inner ear known as the labyrinth. The labyrinth has two parts: the bony labyrin...