The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Prolonged Exposure (PE) in treating women with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

PE is a brief cognitive behavioral therapy that can ameliorate symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in survivors of various types of trauma. PE has been successfully implemented by counselors at a community rape crisis clinic (Women Organized Against Rape [WOAR]) who received extensive training and weekly supervision from PE experts. Such extensive expert involvement is not a practical model for long-term clinical practice in a community-based clinic. Therefore, Part 1 of this study will examine whether counselors at WOAR can maintain their PE implementation success with reduced expert involvement. In Part 2 of this study, PE will be implemented by counselors at another community clinic (Joseph J. Peters Institute [JJPI]) to examine its effectiveness in treating PTSD and to determine the generalizability of training procedures.

Participants in this study are randomly assigned to either PE or to individual and group therapy. Treatment sessions are conducted weekly for 10 to 20 weeks, based on participants' rates of improvement. Participants are assessed before treatment, after 10 weeks, and again in the follow-up phase at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-treatment.

Ages Eligible for Study:  18 Years   -   67 Years,  Genders Eligible for Study:  Female

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• DSM-IV criteria for PTSD at least 12 weeks after sexual assault
• PTSD symptoms that result from sexual assault and not from another traumatic experience

Exclusion Criteria:

• DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or delusional disorder
• Unstable bipolar disorder, depression with psychotic features, or depression severe enough to require immediate psychiatric treatment. Clients who are medicated and still meet current criteria for these disorders will be excluded.
• Substance dependence
• Continued intimate relationship with the assailant