RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy consisting of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and gemcitabine in treating patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the response rate and survival of patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin calcium, and gemcitabine. II. Evaluate and establish the toxic effect profile of 5-FU, leucovorin calcium, and gemcitabine in these patients.

PROTOCOL OUTLINE: This is a dose escalation study. Patients receive intravenous leucovorin calcium for 60 minutes and bolus infusions of fluorouracil (5-FU), followed by gemcitabine infusions, weekly for six weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest. The dosage of gemcitabine is increased if fewer than 3 of the first 6 patients experience grade 3-4 toxicities. Phase II proceeds at the maximum tolerated dose (1 dose level below that at which 3 patients experience grade 3-4 toxicities). Patients receive a minimum of two courses of treatment to be considered evaluable for response. Patients with stable disease, partial, or complete remission may continue therapy for up to six treatment cycles. Patients exhibiting disease progression or intolerable toxic effects are removed from the study.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 63 patients will be accrued.

Criteria

PROTOCOL ENTRY CRITERIA:

--Disease Characteristics--

• Histologically proven recurrent or metastatic primary colorectal carcinoma
• Must have measurable disease (evaluable disease acceptable in Phase I)

--Prior/Concurrent Therapy--

• Biologic therapy: Not specified
• Chemotherapy: Prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease allowed; Prior treatment with 5-FU allowed; Prior treatment with irinotecan allowed
• Endocrine therapy: Not specified
• Radiotherapy: At least 3 weeks since prior radiotherapy (measurable disease must be located outside the prior radiotherapy portal)
• Surgery: Not specified
• Other: Prior treatment with folinic acid allowed

--Patient Characteristics--

• Age: Not specified
• Performance Status: ECOG 0-3
• Life Expectancy: Not specified
• Hematopoietic: WBC at least 3,500/mm3; Platelet count at least 150,000/mm3
• Hepatic: Bilirubin no greater than 1.5 mg/dL OR 3.0 mg/dL in patients with liver metastases; Liver enzymes no greater than 3.0 times upper limit of normal (in patients with liver metastases)
• Renal: Not specified
• Other: Not pregnant or lactating; Fertile patients must use effective contraception