Edema		Potassium
Water Retention

Pictures

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classes may be used Reducing sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron by adding a thiazide or potassium sparing diuretic may improve diuresis when loop diuretics alone do not work Prevention and patient education Take the time to educate patients about the side effects of their medication Instruct them to avoid OTC medications since some including NSAIDs may cause

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failure the myocardial metabolism is characterized by shift toward anaerobic from aerobic metabolism with loss of magnesium and potassium and gain of sodium chloride and water Fig 9 2A with resultant myocardial edema and decreased energy production for the amount of oxygen consumed A similar pattern results from cardiac overload except that

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as the fast sodium channels become inactivated Potassium channels are also responsible for repolarizing slow response action potentials in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes Potassium channel blockers comprise the Class III antiarrhythmic compounds according to the Vaughan Williams classification scheme These drugs bind to and block the potassium channels

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but also in the standard leads Fig 9 5 Magnesium sulfate 20 was added to the iv fluid and given at the rate of 8 mEq hour Within 24 hours her ECG had returned to normal Fig 9 6 In addition to her moderate hypomagnesemia this patient had slightly higher than normal plasma potassium 5 7 mEq liter but because her ECG was more like the

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