Influenza		Influenza Virus Vaccine
Flu; Flu / Influenza; Grippe; Influenza (Flu); Influenza and Colds		Fluvirin; Fluzone

Pictures

influenza virus types jpg

the surface proteins on the basis of their differing sedimentation rates With split virus vaccines the choice and use of surfactant ensures that the subviral core itself is disassembled

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Pork influenza flu

<a href= http www porkmag com directories asp pgID=675 amp ed id=7426 >Read the complete report< a> Flu spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands annually millions in pandemic years Three influenza pandemics occurred in the 20th century and killed tens of millions of people with each of these pandemics being caused by the appearance of a new strain of the virus in humans Often these new strains result from the spread of an existing flu virus to humans from other animal species An avian strain named H5N1 had until recently posed the greatest risk for a new influenza pandemic since it first killed humans in Asia in the 1990s Although H5N1 virus has not mutated to a form that spreads easily between people in April 2009 a novel H1N1 flu strain that combined genes from human pig and bird flu initially dubbed the quot swine flu quot emerged in Mexico the United States and several other nations By late April the H1N1 swine flu was suspected of having killed over 150 in Mexico and prompted Mexico and U S travel advisories Vaccinations against influenza are usually given to people in developed countries and to farmed poultry The most common human vaccine is the trivalent influenza vaccine TIV that contains purified and inactivated material from three viral strains Typically this vaccine includes material from two influenza A virus subtypes and one influenza B virus strain The TIV carries no risk of transmitting the disease and it has very low reactivity A vaccine formulated for one year may be ineffective in the following year since the influenza virus evolves rapidly and different strains become dominant Antiviral drugs can be used to treat influenza with neuraminidase inhibitors being particularly effective <a href= http en wikipedia org wiki Influenza > Read More< a>

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> This transmission electron micrograph TEM depicted Russian influenza A H1N1 A USSR 90 77 strain virions which had been magnified 189 000x Influenza type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus These proteins are called hemagglutinin H and neuraminidase N The current subtypes of influenza A viruses found in people are A H1N1 and A H3N2 Influenza B virus is not divided into subtypes Influenza A H1N1 A H3N2 and influenza B strains are included in each year s influenza vaccine Influenza types A or B viruses cause epidemics of disease almost every winter In the United States these winter influenza epidemics can cause illness in 10 to 20 of people and are associated with an average of 36 000 deaths and 114 000 hospitalizations per year Getting a flu shot can prevent illness from types A and B influenza Influenza type C infections cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics The flu shot does not protect against type C influenza For more public health images please visit the public health image library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov< a>

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influenza egg vaccine jpg

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influenza vaccine 3 strains jpg

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influenza jpg

Transmission electron micrograph of influenza A virus late passage

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> This transmission electron micrograph TEM depicted Russian influenza A H1N1 A USSR 90 77 strain virions which had been magnified 189 000x Influenza type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus These proteins are called hemagglutinin H and neuraminidase N The current subtypes of influenza A viruses found in people are A H1N1 and A H3N2 Influenza B virus is not divided into subtypes Influenza A H1N1 A H3N2 and influenza B strains are included in each year s influenza vaccine Influenza types A or B viruses cause epidemics of disease almost every winter In the United States these winter influenza epidemics can cause illness in 10 to 20 of people and are associated with an average of 36 000 deaths and 114 000 hospitalizations per year Getting a flu shot can prevent illness from types A and B influenza Influenza type C infections cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics The flu shot does not protect against type C influenza For more public health images please visit the public health image library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov< a>

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> This 1968 photograph depicted Penny Gentry a Centers for Disease Control laboratorian as she was inoculating 10 day old embryonated chicken eggs with specimens that were suspected of containing influenza virus After inoculation the culture was incubated for two to three days in order to facilitate the multiplication of suspected virus particles If a virus multiplies it is then identified by using a serological procedure to determine the influenza type Diagnostic tests available for influenza include viral culture serology rapid antigen testing polymerase chain reaction PCR and immunofluorescence assays Sensitivity and specificity of any test for influenza might vary by the laboratory that performs the test the type of test used and the type of specimen tested Among respiratory specimens for viral isolation or rapid detection nasopharyngeal specimens are typically more effective than throat swab specimens As with any diagnostic test results should be evaluated in the context of other clinical and epidemiologic information available to health care providers For more public health images visit the Public Health Image Library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov < a>

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> Rebecca Harwell a former Centers for Disease Control microbiologist in the Respiratory Virus Infections Unit was shown in this 1968 photograph inoculating a tissue culture in hopes of isolating influenza virions from a throat swab After inoculation the culture was incubated for five to seven days allowing for the possible multiplication of any virions present If the influenza virus multiplied it was then identified by using a serological procedure that would determine its serotype For more public health images visit the Public Health Image Library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov < a>

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FDA Approves FLUVIRIN Influenza Virus Vaccine Manufacturing Facility 2 jpg

Chiron Corporation announced that the U S Food and Drug Administration FDA has communicated the results of the FDA s July 2005 GMP Good Manufacturing Practices inspection of Chiron s

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> This 1980 s photograph taken within a Centers for Disease Control influenza testing laboratory showed a laboratorian entering data into an influenza specific database while seated at a computer workstation Due to the potentially high degree of pathogenicity with accompanying poor outcome tracking the locations and spread of the influenza virus is of the utmost concern for healthcare providers on the front lines of treatment and epidemiologists who analyze collected data in order to halt the spread of disease The computer has made the entrance of data and its subsequent high degree of accessibility extremely valuable as a tool to gather and disseminate epidemiologic information that can then be used in the control of this as well as other illnesses For more public health images visit the Public Health Image Library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov < a>

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influenza egg vaccine shell jpg

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> This negative stained transmission electron micrograph TEM depicts the ultrastructural details of an influenza virus particle or virion A member of the taxonomic family Orthomyxoviridae the influenza virus is a single stranded RNA organism The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses It can cause mild to severe illness and at times can lead to death The best way to prevent this illness is by getting a flu vaccination each fall Every year in the United States on average 5 to 20 of the population gets the flu more than 200 000 people are hospitalized from flu complications and about 36 000 people die from flu Some people such as older people young children and people with certain health conditions are at high risk for serious flu complications Influenza A and B are the two types of influenza viruses that cause epidemic human disease Influenza A viruses are further categorized into subtypes on the basis of two surface antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase Influenza B viruses are not categorized into subtypes Since 1977 influenza A H1N1 viruses influenza A H3N2 viruses and influenza B viruses have been in global circulation In 2001 influenza A H1N2 viruses that probably emerged after genetic reassortment between human A H3N2 and A H1N1 viruses began circulating widely Both influenza A and B viruses are further separated into groups on the basis of antigenic characteristics New influenza virus variants result from frequent antigenic change i e antigenic drift resulting from point mutations that occur during viral replication Influenza B viruses undergo antigenic drift less rapidly than influenza A viruses For more public health images please visit the Public Health Image Library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov < a>

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> This negative stained transmission electron micrograph TEM depicts the ultrastructural details of a number of influenza virus particles or virions A member of the taxonomic family Orthomyxoviridae the influenza virus is a single stranded RNA organism The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses It can cause mild to severe illness and at times can lead to death The best way to prevent this illness is by getting a flu vaccination each fall Every year in the United States on average 5 to 20 of the population gets the flu more than 200 000 people are hospitalized from flu complications and about 36 000 people die from flu Some people such as older people young children and people with certain health conditions are at high risk for serious flu complications Influenza A and B are the two types of influenza viruses that cause epidemic human disease Influenza A viruses are further categorized into subtypes on the basis of two surface antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase Influenza B viruses are not categorized into subtypes Since 1977 influenza A H1N1 viruses influenza A H3N2 viruses and influenza B viruses have been in global circulation In 2001 influenza A H1N2 viruses that probably emerged after genetic reassortment between human A H3N2 and A H1N1 viruses began circulating widely Both influenza A and B viruses are further separated into groups on the basis of antigenic characteristics New influenza virus variants result from frequent antigenic change i e antigenic drift resulting from point mutations that occur during viral replication Influenza B viruses undergo antigenic drift less rapidly than influenza A viruses For more public health images visit the Public Health Image Library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov < a>

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> Dr Steven R Mostow right formerly as Medical Officer with the Respiratory Virus Infections Unit at the Centers for Disease Control was shown here collecting blood to be used for comparison with blood which would be acquired at a later time in order to test for the possible presence of antibodies against the influenza virus Because the symptoms of influenza can be similar to those caused by other infectious agents the disease can be difficult to diagnose based on clinical symptoms alone A number of tests can help in the diagnosis of influenza but testing does not need to be done for all patients During an outbreak of respiratory illness testing for influenza can help determine if influenza is the cause of the outbreak For more public health images visit the Public Health Image Library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov < a>

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> This transmission electron micrograph TEM of an ultra thin specimen revealed some of the ultrastructural morphologic features seen in 1918 influenza virus virions The prominent surface projections on the virions are composed of either the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase type of glycoproteins Composed of what looked like dots or tubules was a dense envelope known as a capsid which surrounded each virion s nucleic acid constituents What is Influenza also called Flu The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses It can cause mild to severe illness and at times can lead to death The best way to prevent this illness is by getting a flu vaccination each fall Every year in the United States on average 5 to 20 of the population gets the flu more than 200 000 people are hospitalized from flu complications and about 36 000 people die from flu Some people such as older people young children and people with certain health conditions are at high risk for serious flu complications For more Public Health Images visit the Public Health Image Library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov< a>

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influenza a jpg

subtypes of influenza A viruses found in people are A H1N1 and A H3N2 Influenza B virus is not divided into subtypes Influenza A H1N1 A H3N2 and influenza B strains are included in each year s influenza vaccine Related information on Influenza A H1N2 can be

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National Influenza Vaccination Week

<a href= http www cdc gov flu >www cdc gov flu< a> This Centers for Disease Control microbiologist was shown here delivering tissue culture specimens into a microtiter plate using an instrument know as a pipetter The culture samples were to be tested for the presence of the influenza virus The presence or absence of influenza virus would be determined by using an agglutination test If it involved the agglutination or clumping of red blood cells RBCs the phenomenon is known as hemoagglutination Diagnostic tests available for influenza include viral culture serology rapid antigen testing polymerase chain reaction PCR and immunofluorescence assays Sensitivity and specificity of any test for influenza might vary by the laboratory that performs the test the type of test used and the type of specimen tested Among respiratory specimens for viral isolation or rapid detection nasopharyngeal specimens are typically more effective than throat swab specimens As with any diagnostic test results should be evaluated in the context of other clinical and epidemiologic information available to health care providers For more public health images visit the Public Health Image Library at <a href= http phil cdc gov >phil cdc gov < a>

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Vaccine now available for potentially deadly canine influenza

A vaccine is now available to aid in treating canine influenza virus infection Canine influenza is an increasingly common disease which has the potential to be life threatening for infected

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diagram virus thumb jpg

per particle usually in the ratio of four hemagglutinins to one neuraminidase that are embedded in a host derived lipid bilayer membrane Within the membrane is the transmembrane ion channel protein M2 while the structural protein M1 underlies the bilayer Within the core of the virus the single stranded negative sense RNA is associated with the six other viral

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