Pneumonia		Pneumocystis Carinii Infections

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Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia PCP Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic Infections > Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Cytomegalovirus Toxoplasmosis Candidiasis

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form of skin cancer called Kaposi s sarcoma that usually only affected the elderly and a rare lung infection then called Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia PCP I was very intrigued to learn that the first suspicions about the instance of PCP were raised by a very observant drug technician at the U S Centers for Disease

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Opportunistic Infections Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Basic Information Pneumocystis carinii is a microorganism most experts think it is a fungus though others disagree and label

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including large amounts of protein and immunoglobulin suggesting that cytokines and immune mechanisms may be responsible for some of the manifestations of the common cold Fig 93 3 FIGURE 93 2 Pathogenesis of viral and bacterial mucosal respiratory infections

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viruses bacteria mycoplasma and fungi Table 93 1 Respiratory infections are more common in the fall and winter when school starts and indoor crowding facilitates transmission FIGURE 93 1 Upper and lower respiratory tract infections

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Infections Infections The spherical and crescentic bodies displaying the dark line or dot are the cysts of Pneumocystis carinii Although long regarded as a protozoan parasite it has been reclassified as a fungus

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Supine film Pneumothorax on the left Disseminated flecks of calcification in the course of varizella pneumonia in childhood Disseminated small spots of calcification in the course of varizella pneumonia Other Infections

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Diffuse small aciner shadows arrows with ground glass appearance in both lower lobes suggestsPCP

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Taboo is the subject when its discussed openly Taken from Malaysian AIDS Council MAC Website HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus It is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system disabling the body s natural protection against external infections HIV only affects human beings and its presence can be detected through an HIV antibody test HIV is highly concentrated in blood semen and vaginal fluid but is present in very low concentrations in saliva and tears HIV is a very intelligent virus It can mutate and hide inside the human body which makes it an almost invincible target However outside the human body the virus is weak HIV is the virus that causes AIDS What is AIDS AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Acquired means something that is not inherited Immune Deficiency means a weakened immune system that is unable to resist oncoming diseases Syndrome means signs and symptoms of an illness AIDS is the condition whereby HIV has destroyed a person s immune system such that it is unable to defend the body from opportunistic diseases Examples of common opportunistic infections in a person who has developed AIDS are Kaposi s Sarcoma Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia PCP and Tuberculosis November 30th was World AIDS Day and PT Foundation organised the Red Carnival in tribute to spreading the word and awareness of the deadly disease

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L are sustained for at least 6 months However the safety of stopping secondary prophylaxis following immune reconstitution has not been studied extensively Specific Doses References 1 European Collaborative Study CD4 T cell counts as predictor of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children born to mothers infected with HIV BMJ 1994

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Standard bacteria Pneumocystis jirovecii formerly Pneumocystis carinii Cytomegalovirus HSV Nocardia Opportunistic fungi

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having been excluded that many patients with TB also had co existent pneumonia and that many patients with TB subsequently developed pneumonia HIV positive patients have an increased susceptibility to lung infections caused by a wide variety of organisms chiefly Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pneumocystis carinii etc These

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incidence of OIs Figure and the rate of OIs is low if the CD4+ cell count rises above 200 cells mm3 regardless of the pre HAART nadir level 8 Prophylaxis has been very effective for many of the OIs especially Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia PCP and Mycobacterium avium infection Although PCP

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1997 Palella 1998 Common AIDS related opportunistic infections OIs dropped dramatically as well Declining CMV PCP MAC 1994 1997 Rates of cytomegalovirus infection Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium complex disease among HIV infected patients with fewer

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breathing becomes more difficult and the baby s chest muscles may begin to retract pull in abnormally with each breath The child s lips fingernails and skin also may turn blue or gray Diagnosing PCP A doctor can sometimes diagnose pneumocystis pneumonia by X ray or by finding the organism in lung fluids that have been examined in the laboratory The doctor may need to

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