Definitions

• s Disease
  
• s diverticulum
  
• s ear - chronic
  
• s Health
  
• s muscular dystrophy
  
• s pneumoconiosis
  
• s Reports on Tobacco
  
• s Syndrome
  
• S-1 -
  A drug that is being studied for its ability to enhance the effectiveness of fluorouracil and prevent gastrointestinal side effects caused by fluorouracil. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.
• S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e)
  S-adenosyl methionine is an enzymatic cofactor involved in methyl group transfers. It methylates targets, many of which are in the brain. It deactivates dopamine by methylating a hydroxy group on the catechol.
• S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe)
  S-adenosylmethionine, also known as SAM-e.
• S-phase fraction -
  A measure of the percentage of cells in a tumor that are in the phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is synthesized. The S-phase fraction may be used with the proliferative index to give a more complete understanding of how fast a tumor is growing.
• S-T Forte 2 Liquid
  
• SABER
  The sabre (or saber) is a European backsword with a distinct curvature and a rather large hand guard, covering the knuckles of the hand as well as the thumb and forefinger. The length of sabres varied, but they were always made to be worn in a scabbard hanging from the waist.
• Sacral Nerve Root Cysts
  
• SADDAN
  SADDAN (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a rare inherited disorder of bone growth characterized by skeletal, brain, and skin abnormalities. All people with this condition are very short and have disproportionately short arms and legs. Other signs and symptoms include unusual bowing of the leg bones; a small chest with short ribs and curved collar bones; short, broad fingers; and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs. Structural abnormalities of the brain lead to seizures, profound developmental delays, and mental retardation. Acanthosis nigricans, a progressive skin disorder characterized by thick, dark, velvety skin, develops in infancy or early childhood. Many of the signs and symptoms of SADDAN are similar to those seen in other skeletal disorders, specifically achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. People with SADDAN often live into childhood and adulthood.
• Safe Blood Handling
  
• Safe Motherhood
  This is a term that cover a broad range of direct and indirect efforts to reduce deaths and disabilities resulting from pregnancy and childbirth. Direct efforts include those to ensure that every woman has access to a full range of high-quality, affordable sexual and reproductive health services– especially maternal care and treatment of obstetric emergencies to reduce deaths and disability. ...
• Safe Tussin 30 Liquid
  
• Safety
  Safety is the condition of being protected against failure, damage, error, accidents, or harm. Protection involves here both causing and exposure.
• Safety (General)
  Safety is the condition of being protected against failure, damage, error, accidents, or harm. Protection involves here both causing and exposure.
• Safety Issues
  
• Safety of Recalled Vaccines
  
• Safety, Child
  
• safingol -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called protein kinase C inhibitors.
• Saint Helena
  Saint Helena refers to both an island and administrative unit in the South Atlantic Ocean 2,800 km off the west coast of Angola, and to the British Overseas territory that includes it and the dependencies of Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; this article describes both. The United Nations Committee on Decolonization includes St. Helena on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories.
• Saint Vitus Dance
  Sydenham's chorea: chorea occurring chiefly in children and associated with rheumatic fever
• Sal-Tropine
  
• Salagen
  
• Salflex
  
• Salgesic
  
• Salicylates
  Salicylic acid is a colorless, crystalline organic carboxylic acid. It is usually prepared by Kolbe synthesis (aka Kolbe-Schmitt reaction). Salicylic acid functions as a plant hormone; see Salicylic acid (plant hormone).
• saline -
  A solution of salt and water.
• saliva - suh-LIE-vuh
  The watery fluid in the mouth made by the salivary glands. Saliva moistens food to help digestion and it helps protect the mouth against infections.
• Salivary duct stones
  
• salivary gland - SAL-ih-vair-ee
  A gland in the mouth that produces saliva.
• Salivary Gland Cancer, Childhood
  
• Salivary Gland Disease
  
• Salivary Gland Disorders
  
• Salivary gland tumors
  form in the salivary glands, which produce saliva to help prevent the mouth from drying out and aids with digestion. ...
• Salmeterol Aerosol Inhalation
  
• Salmeterol Powder Inhalation
  
• Salmonella enterocolitis
  
• Salmonella Infections
  Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria that causes typhoid fever, paratyphoid and foodborne illness. Salmonella does not ferment lactose. It is motile in nature and produces hydrogen sulfide.
• Salmonella typhi Infection
  
• Salmonellosis
  Salmonellosis is an infection with Salmonella bacteria. Most persons infected with Salmonella develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. In most cases, the illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days - most affected persons recover without treatment. However, in some persons the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. ...
• Saloop
  
• salpingo-oophorectomy - sal-PIN-go o-o-for-EK-toe-mee
  Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries.
• Salsalate
  
• Salsitab
  
• Salt
  In everyday language salt generally refers to sodium chloride and other edible salts. In chemistry, salt is a term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. These ions can be inorganic (Cl-) as well as organic (CH3-COO-) and monoatomic (F-) as well as polyatomic ions (SO42-).
• salvage therapy -
  Treatment that is given after the cancer has not responded to other treatments.
• samarium 153 -
  A radioactive substance used in cancer therapy.
• Samarium 153 Lexidronam
  
• Samoa
  The Independent State of Samoa (conventional long form) or Samoa (conventional short form) is a country comprising a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. Previous names are German Samoa from 1900 to 1914 and Western Samoa from 1914 to 1997.
• San Jiao
  The San Jiao or triple burner is an organ found only in traditional Chinese medical theory, and with no tangible existence. It is a concept of Qi flow and fluid metabolism.
• San Marino
  The Most Serene Republic of San Marino or San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino or San Marino) is one of the smallest nations in the world. Located in southern Europe, it is landlocked by Italy, and is one of the European microstates.
• Sandhoff Disease
  
• Sandimmune Injection
  
• Sandimmune Solution
  
• Sandoglobulin
  
• Sandostatin
  Somatostatin is a hormone. Precisely it is a mixture of two peptides, one built of 14 amino acids, the other of 28.
• Sansert
  Sansert is a brand name for methysergide, a member of the ergoline group. Methysergide is one of the most effective medications for prevention, but not treatment, of migraine headaches. However, it has a known side-effect, retroperitoneal fibrosis, that is severe, although uncommon. Novartis appears to have withdrawn it from the U.S. market after taking over Sandoz.
• Santyl
  
• saponin -
  A substance found in soybeans and many other plants. Saponins may help lower cholesterol and may have anticancer effects.
• Saquinavir
  Saquinavir hard-gel capsule 27 (Invirase) was the first PI approved by the FDA, in December 1995. A carboxamide derivative specifically designed to inhibit HIV proteinase and prevent post-translational formation of viral proteins, saquinavir is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteinases without prior metabolic activation. At 12 nM concentration, saquinavir has a 50% inhibition of normal HIV, and at 11 nM it has a 50% inhibition of ZDV-resistant HIV.
• saquinavir mesylate -
  A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called protease inhibitors. It interferes with the ability of a virus to make copies of itself.
• sarCNU -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. Also called sarcosinamide nitrosourea.
• sarcoid -
  An inflammatory disease marked by the formation of granulomas (small nodules of immune cells) in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs. Sarcoid may be acute and go away by itself, or it may be chronic and progressive. Also called sarcoidosis.
• sarcoidosis -
  An inflammatory disease marked by the formation of granulomas (small nodules of immune cells) in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs. Sarcoidosis may be acute and go away by itself, or it may be chronic and progressive. Also called sarcoid.
• sarcoma -
  A cancer of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.
• Sarcoma, Ewing's Family of Tumors
  
• Sarcoma, Kaposi's
  
• Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, Adult
  
• Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, Childhood
  
• Sarcoma, Uterine
  
• Sarcoptes scabei Infestation
  
• sarcosinamide nitrosourea -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. Also called sarCNU.
• sargramostim -
  A colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of white blood cells, especially granulocytes and macrophages, and cells (in the bone marrow) that are precursors of platelets. It is a cytokine that belongs to the family of drugs called hematopoietic (blood-forming) agents. Also called granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
• Sargramostim Injection
  
• Sarin
  Sarin or GB (O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the world's most dangerous weapons of war. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN Resolution 687, and its production and stockpiling was outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993.
• Sarsa
  
• Sarsaparilla
  Sarsaparilla (Smilax regelii and other closely related species of Smilax) is a vine that bears roots with many useful properties. These vines have long prickly stems and shiny leaves, and numerous reddish-brown roots up to 3 m long. Several species of Smilax are used, but the Jamaican S. regelii (syn. S. officinalis) is the species preferred for commercial use. Sarsaparilla is also grown in Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America. ...
• SAS Programs for Growth Charts
  
• Saskatchewan
  Saskatchewan is a Canadian prairie province. It has an area of 651,900 km² (251,700 mi²) and a population of 978,934 (Saskatchewanians) (January 1, 2005). Most of its population lives in the southern part of the province. The largest city is Saskatoon with a population of 225,927 (January 1, 2005), followed by the province's capital, Regina (population: 192,800, January 1, 2005). ...
• Sassafras
  Sassafras is a genus of three species of deciduous trees in the family Lauraceae, native to eastern North America and eastern Asia.
• Sassafras albidum
  sassafras: yellowwood tree with brittle wood and aromatic leaves and bark; source of sassafras oil; widely distributed in eastern North America
• Satinflower
  
• satraplatin -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called platinum analogs. Also called BMS-182751 and JM 216.
• Saturated Fat
  A saturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there are no double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain (hence, it is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms). Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature. Diets high in saturated fat correlate in some studies with an increased incidence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Dehydrogenation converts saturated fats to unsaturated fats, while hydrogenation accomplishes the reverse.
• Saudi Arabia
  The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country on the Arabian Peninsula.It borders Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen, with the Persian Gulf to its north-east and the Red Sea to its west.
• Saw Palmetto
  The Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens is the sole species currently classified in the genus Serenoa. It is a small palm, normally reaching a height of around 2-4 metres. Its trunk is sprawling, and it grows in clumps in sandy coastal lands or as undergrowth in pine woods or hardwood hammocks. It is endemic to the southeastern United States, most commonly along the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains, but also as far inland as southern Arkansas.
• São tomé and Principe
  The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe is a tiny two-island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, distanced 140 kilometers from one another, and situated about 250 and 225 kilometers, respectively, off the northwestern coast of Gabon. Both islands are part of an extinct volcanic mountain range. São Tomé, the sizable southern island, is situated almost exactly on the equator. ...
• Sézary syndrome -
  A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a cancerous disease that affects the skin.
• SC-70935 -
  A substance that is being studied for its ability to stimulate the production of blood cells during chemotherapy. It belongs to the family of drugs called colony-stimulating factors. Also known as leridistim.
• Scabene Shampoo
  
• scalpel - SKAL-pul
  A small, thin knife used for surgery.
• scan -
  A picture of structures inside the body. Scans often used in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring disease include liver scans, bone scans, and computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In liver scanning and bone scanning, radioactive substances that are injected into the bloodstream collect in these organs. A scanner that detects the radiation is used to create pictures. In CT scanning, an x-ray machine linked to a computer is used to produce detailed pictures of organs inside the body. MRI scans use a large magnet connected to a computer to create pictures of areas inside the body.
• Scan Diet
  
• scanner -
  In medicine, an instrument that takes pictures of the inside of the body.
• Scarlet Fever
  The group A streptococcus bacterium (Streptococcus pyogenes) is a form of Streptococcus bacteria responsible for most cases of streptococcal illness. Other types (B, C, D, and G) may also cause infection. Group B streptococci cause most streptococcal infections in newborns and maternal post-labor/delivery infections.
• Scars
  A scar results from the biologic process of wound repair in the skin and other tissues of the body. Thus, scarring is a natural part of the healing process. With the exception of very minor lesions, every wound (e.g. after accident, disease, or surgery) results in some degree of scarring.
• Scarsdale Diet
  The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet is a book by Scarsdale, New York physician Dr. Herman Tarnower and Samm Sinclair Baker, originally published in 1979. The book became a bestseller and (as of 2003) was still in print. The "Scarsdale Diet," a low-carbohydrate, low-calorie weight-loss diet, is still popular today.
• SCH 54031 -
  An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called biological response modifiers. SCH 54031 is a cytokine. Also called PEG-interferon alfa-2b.
• SCH 66336 -
  An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called enzyme inhibitors. Also called lonafarnib.
• SCH-58500 -
  A drug that inhibits the growth of tumor cells that express the mutated p53 gene.
• schedule -
  In clinical trials, the step-by-step plan for how patients are to be treated; for example, which drugs are to be given, the order and method by which they are to be given, the length of time of each infusion, the amount of time between courses, and the total length of treatment.
• Schilder's Disease
  
• Schiller test - SHIL-er
  A test in which iodine is applied to the cervix. The iodine colors healthy cells brown; abnormal cells remain unstained, usually appearing white or yellow.
• Schistosomiasis
  Schistosomiasis or bilharzia is a disease affecting many people in developing countries. It is also called snail fever or swimmer's itch. In certain African communities the process of overcoming Schistosomiasis is an important rite of passage. Although it has a low mortality rate, schistosomiasis can be very debilitating.
• Schizencephaly
  Cephalic disorders are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system. Cephalic is a term that means "head" or "head end of the body." Congenital means the disorder is present at, and usually before, birth.
• Schizoid personality disorder
  Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is a personality disorder characterised by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, and emotional coldness. SPD is reasonably rare compared with other personality disorders. Its prevalence is estimated at less than 1% of the general population1.
• Schizophrenia
  Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness variously affecting behavior, thinking, and emotion. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek words σχίζω (schizo, split or divide) and φρενός (phrenos, mind) and can be translated as "shattered mind". ...
• School and Family Problems of Children With Kidney Failure
  
• School Health
  deals with the physical, mental and social well-being of students in a school setting. School Nursing — registered nurse employed by a school system; major role is preventative care such as immunization and safety programs, counseling, and educating students on good health. Sports Medicine — caring for athletes on a competitive and recreational level in terms of injury prevention, diagnosis, and treatment which includes musculoskeletal as well as medical issues. ...
• School Health Index
  
• Schuessler Tissue Salts
  
• Schwann cell -
  A type of glial cell of the peripheral nervous system that helps separate and insulate nerve cells.
• schwannoma - shwah-NO-ma
  A tumor of the peripheral nervous system that arises in the nerve sheath (protective covering). It is almost always benign, but rare malignant schwannomas have been reported.
• scientist -
  A person who has studied science, especially one who is active in a particular field of investigation.
• scintimammography -
  A type of breast imaging test that is used to detect cancer cells in the breasts of some women who have had abnormal mammograms, or who have dense breast tissue. Scintimammography is not used for screening, or in place of a mammogram. In this test, a woman receives an injection of a small amount of a radioactive substance called technetium 99, which is taken up by cancer cells, and a gamma camera is used to take pictures of the breasts. Also called Miraluma test and sestamibi breast imaging.
• scleroderma -
  A chronic disorder marked by hardening and thickening of the skin. Scleroderma can be localized or it can affect the entire body (systemic).
• Sclerosis
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease, a non-contagious chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system which can present with a variety of neurological symptoms occurring in attacks or slowly progressing over time. It has no cure yet and the exact cause remains unknown. Due to its effects of the nervous system, it can lead to long-term impaired mobility and disability in the more severe cases.
• Sclerotherapy
  method of stopping upper GI bleeding. A needle is inserted through an endoscope to bring hardening agents to the place that is bleeding.
• Scoliosis
  Scoliosis is a disease which involves a lateral curvature of the spine; that is, the spine is bent sideways.Scoliosis is incurable, but its natural course can be affected with treatments such as surgery or back braces.
• Scopace
  
• Scopolamine
  Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is an alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the Solanaceae family (Nightshade), such as henbane or jimson weed (Datura stramonium). It is part of the secondary metabolites of plants.
• Scopolamine Injection
  
• Scopolamine Ophthalmic
  
• Scopolamine Patch
  
• Scopolamine Tablets
  
• Scot-Tussin Senior Clear Liquid
  
• Scott & White Diet
  
• screening -
  Checking for disease when there are no symptoms.
• Screening - Test
  
• screening mammogram -
  X-rays of the breasts taken to check for breast cancer in the absence of signs or symptoms.
• Scrofula
  Scrofula (scrophula or struma) is any of a variety of skin diseases; in particular, a form of tuberculosis, affecting the lymph nodes of the neck. ...
• Scrotal masses
  
• scrotum - SKRO-tum
  In males, the external sac that contains the testicles.
• Scrub Typhus
  Scrub typhus is a form of typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chiggers, which are found in areas of heavy scrub vegetation. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Scullcap
  Scutellaria lateriflora L. (family Lamiaceae) DESCRIPTION: An erect perennial reaching a height of about two feet with two-lipped, brightly colored flowers. RANGE: Grows in wet places in Canada and the northern and eastern United States. APPLICATION: Scullcap has long been reputed to have tonic, tranquilizing, and antispasmodic effects. As recently as 1990 it was praised for its supposed beneficial effects on the nervous system. ...
• Scute
  A scute or scutum (Latin scutum, plural: scuta "shield") is a horny, chitinous, or bony external plate or scale, as on the shell of a turtle or the underside of a snake. They are similar to scales, but unlike scales, they are derived from the epidermis. The term is also used to describe the scales of some armored mammals, such as the armadillo and the extinct glyptodon. ...
• Scutellaria barbata -
  An herb that belongs to a group of herbs named the Scutellaria species or scullcap. Both the root and the above-ground part have been used to make herbal medicines. The root has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat lung cancer and other medical problems.
• SDX-102 -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. Also called alanosine.
• SDX-105 -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. Also called bendamustine.
• Seasickness
  Seasickness is a feeling of nausea and, in extreme cases, vertigo experienced after spending time on a craft on water. It is typically brought on by the rocking motion of the craft, but people who are particularly vulnerable to the condition can feel seasick simply by setting foot on a boat, even if the vessel is in dry dock.
• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
  Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, is an affective, or mood disorder. Most SAD sufferers experience normal mental health throughout most of the year, but experience depressive symptoms in the winter. SAD is rare, if existent at all, in the tropics, but is measurably present at latitudes of 30°N (or S) and higher.
• Seasonal Affective Disorders
  
• Seborrheic Dermatiti
  
• Seborrheic Dermatitis
  Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a skin disorder affecting the scalp, face and trunk causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin. It particularly affects the sebum-gland rich areas of skin. It is thought to be caused by a fungal infection caused by the yeast, Pityrosporum ovale in individuals with decreased immunity and increased sebum production.
• Seborrheic keratosis
  A seborrheic keratosis (also known as "Basal cell papilloma," "Seborrheic verruca," "Senile keratosis," and "Senile wart"Freedberg, et. al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071380760. ...
• sebum - SEE-bum
  An oily substance produced by certain glands in the skin.
• Secobarbital
  A short-acting barbiturate.
• second primary cancer -
  Refers to a new primary cancer in a person with a history of cancer.
• second-line therapy -
  Treatment that is given when initial treatment (first-line therapy) doesn’t work, or stops working.
• second-look surgery -
  Surgery performed after primary treatment to determine whether tumor cells remain.
• Secondary aplastic anemia
  
• secondary cancer -
  A term that is used to describe either a new primary cancer or cancer that has spread from the place in which it started to other parts of the body.
• Secondary hyperparathyroidism
  Secondary hyperparathyroidism refers to the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia ...
• Secondary systemic amyloidosis
  Secondary systemic amyloidosis is a condition that involves the adrenal gland, liver, spleen, and kidney as a result of amyloid deposition due to ...
• Secondhand Smoke
  Tobacco smoking is the act of smoking tobacco products, especially cigarettes and cigars. Tobacco smoking is considered a significant cause of human health problems, especially lung cancer, emphysema, and other disorders.
• Security Risk Assessment
  
• Sedapap
  
• Sedative Herbal Medicinal Tea
  
• Sedatives
  A sedative is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), which causes calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. Sedatives may be referred to as tranquilizers, depressants, anxiolytics, soporifics, sleeping pills, downers, or sedative-hypnotics. At high doses or when they are abused, many of these drugs can cause unconsciousness and death.
• sedimentation rate -
  The distance red blood cells travel in one hour in a sample of blood as they settle to the bottom of a test tube. The sedimentation rate is increased in inflammation, infection, cancer, rheumatic diseases, and diseases of the blood and bone marrow. Also called erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
• sedoxantrone trihydrochloride -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called DNA-intercalating compounds. Also called CI-958.
• segmental cystectomy - sis-TEK-to-mee
  The removal of cancer as well as some of the bladder tissue around the tumor. Sometimes called partial cystectomy.
• segmental mastectomy - mas-TEK-toe-mee
  The removal of cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor. Usually some of the lymph nodes under the arm are also taken out. Also called partial mastectomy.
• Seitai
  Japanese
• seizure - SEE-zhur
  Convulsion; a sudden, involuntary movement of the muscles.
• Seizure Disorder
  Epilepsy (often referred to as a seizure disorder) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The condition is named from the Greek epilepsia ("a taking hold of or seizing"). It is commonly controlled with medication, although experimental surgical methods are slowly gaining acceptance.
• Seizures
  Seizures (or convulsions) are temporary alterations in brain function expressing themselves into a changed mental state, tonic or clonic movements and various other symptoms. They are due to temporary abnormal electrical activity of a group of brain cells.
• Seizures (in about half of patients)
  Kisschasy is an Australian rock band formed in Melbourne, Australia, in 2002. Since forming, their line-up has consisted of lead vocalist Darren Cordeux, bassist Joel Vanderuit, guitarist Sean Thomas and drummer Karl Ammitzboll.
• Seizures, increased pressure in the brain
  
• Select Agent Program
  
• selection bias -
  An error in choosing the individuals or groups to take part in a study. Ideally, the subjects in a study should be very similar to one another and to the larger population from which they are drawn (for example, all individuals with the same disease or condition). If there are important differences, the results of the study may not be valid.
• Selective deficiency of IgA
  
• Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy
  
• selective estrogen receptor modulator - sel-EK-tiv ESS-tro-jen re-SEP-tor MOD-yew-lay-tor
  SERM. A drug that acts like estrogen on some tissues but blocks the effect of estrogen on other tissues. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are SERMs.
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor -
  SSRI. A type of drug that is used to treat depression. SSRIs slow the process by which serotonin (a substance that nerves use to send messages to one another) is reused by nerve cells that make it. This increases the amount of serotonin available for stimulating other nerves.
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants. They act within the brain to increase the amount of the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT), in the synaptic gap by inhibiting its reuptake. One notable characteristic of SSRIs is that, unlike other classes of antidepressants, SSRIs were rationally designed drugs. Instead of being discovered by accident, SSRIs were specifically designed while considering the biological causes of depression. ...
• Selegiline
  A drug sometimes used alone to treat endogenous depression or to treat dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease.
• selenium -
  An essential dietary mineral.
• Selenium Sulfide Lotion
  
• Selenium Sulfide Shampoo
  
• Self Breast Exam
  
• Self Care
  When sick, most Costa Ricans prefer to practice personal hygiene or with minimal assistance from family members. Patients in poor health conditions are permitted to receive 24 hour assistance by family members (except intensive care patients).
• Self Examination
  
• Self Help
  Though the term self-help can refer to any case whereby an individual or a group betters themselves economically, intellectually or emotionally, the connotations of the phrase have come to apply particularly to psychological or psychotherapeutic nostrums, often purveyed through the popular genre of the "self-help" book. Sometimes writers refer to a "self-help movement", though exactly what this is taken to be is not clear.
• Self Image
  A person's self image is the mental picture, generally of a kind that is quite resistant to change, that depicts not only details that are potentially available to objective investigation by others (height, weight, hair color, nature of external genitalia, I.Q. score, is this person double-jointed, etc.), but also items that have been learned by that person about himself or herself, either from personal experience or by internalizing the judgments of others. ...
• Self-care modalities
  Self-care modalities are forms of CAM that an individual can perform by themselves, even if they need to be trained to do so. These cover techniques that can be self-taught with the aid of books or instructional videos, or can be learned from an experienced practitioner. Although some initial training is needed, once these techniques are learned, you will need no additional outside assistance unless you want to improve your skills.
• Self-hypnosis
  Autosuggestion is a process by which an individual trains the subconscious mind to believe something, or systematically schematizes the person's own mental associations, usually for a given purpose. This is accomplished through self-hypnosis methods or repetitive, constant self-affirmations, and may be seen as a form of self-induced brainwashing. The acceptance of autosuggestion may be quickened through mental visualization of that which the individual would like to believe. ...
• Self-Injury
  Self-harm (SH) is deliberate injury to one's own body. This injury may be aimed at relieving otherwise unbearable emotions, sensations of unreality and numbness, or for other reasons. Self-harm is generally a social taboo. It is sometimes associated with mental illnesses such as Borderline Personality Disorder, with a history of trauma and abuse; and with mental traits such as perfectionism.
• Self-Talk for Weight Control
  
• sella turcica -
  A depression of the bone at the base of the skull where the pituitary gland is located.
• Selsun Blue Shampoo
  
• Selsun Lotion
  
• Selsun Shampoo
  
• semaxanib -
  An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. Also called SU5416.
• semen -
  The fluid that is released through the penis during orgasm. Semen is made up of sperm from the testicles and fluid from the prostate and other sex glands.
• Semen Analysis
  The microscopic examination of semen to determine the number of sperm (sperm count), their shapes (morphology), and their ability to move (motility).
• seminal fluid - SEM-in-al
  Fluid from the prostate and other sex glands that helps transport sperm out of the man's body during orgasm. Seminal fluid contains sugar as an energy source for sperm.
• seminal vesicle - SEM-in-al VES-ih-kul
  A gland that helps produce semen.
• seminal vesicle biopsy -
  The removal of fluid or tissue with a needle from the seminal vesicles for examination under a microscope. The seminal vesicles are glands in the male reproductive tract that produce a part of semen.
• seminoma - sem-in-O-ma
  A type of cancer of the testicles. Seminomas may spread to the lung, bone, liver, or brain.
• semiparasitic -
  In botany, a plant that gets food from a host but also contains chlorophyll and is capable of photosynthesis.
• semustine -
  An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
• senega root -
  The root of an herb called Polygala senega. It has been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems, including problems of the respiratory system.
• Senegal
  The Republic of Senegal is a country south of the Senegal River in West Africa. Senegal is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south. The Gambia forms a virtual enclave within Senegal, following the Gambia River more than 300 km inland. The Cape Verde islands lie some 560 km off the Senegalese coast.
• Senexon
  
• senile keratosis -
  A precancerous condition of thick, scaly patches of skin. Also called solar or actinic keratosis.
• Seniors' Fitness
  
• Seniors' Health
  Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. The term itself can be distinguished from gerontology, which is the study of the aging process itself.
• Seniors' Nutrition
  
• Senna
  Senna, (Cassia acutifolia) is a medicinal herb.
• Senna Laxatives
  
• Senna Oral Syrup
  
• Senna Suppositories
  
• Senna-Gen
  
• Senokot
  
• Senokot Suppositories
  
• Senokot Syrup
  
• Senokot XTRA
  
• Senokot-S
  
• sensitivity -
  When referring to a medical test, sensitivity refers to the percentage of people who test positive for a specific disease among a group of people who have the disease. No test has 100% sensitivity because some people who have the disease will test negative for it (false negatives).
• sensor -
  A device that responds to a stimulus, such as heat, light, or pressure, and generates a signal that can be measured or interpreted.
• Sensorcaine
  (Sen·sor·caine) (sen¢s[schwa]rk[amacr]n²) trademark for preparations of bupivacaine hydrochloride.
• Sensorcaine MPF
  
• Sensorimotor polyneuropathy
  
• sensory -
  Having to do with the senses.
• Sensory Integration Disorder
  Sensory Integration Dysfunction is a neurological disorder causing some people to have difficulties in integrating information coming in from each of their five senses. Sensory integration disorders span a wide range of neurological conditions, including autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia, pervasive developmental disorder, multiple sclerosis and speech delays, among many others.
• sentinel lymph node -
  The first lymph node to which cancer is likely to spread from the primary tumor. Cancer cells may appear first in the sentinel node before spreading to other lymph nodes.
• sentinel lymph node biopsy -
  Removal and examination of the sentinel node(s) (the first lymph node(s) to which cancer cells are likely to spread from a primary tumor). To identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the surgeon injects a radioactive substance, blue dye, or both near the tumor. The surgeon then uses a scanner to find the sentinel lymph node(s) containing the radioactive substance or looks for the lymph node(s) stained with dye. The surgeon then removes the sentinel node(s) to check for the presence of cancer cells.
• sentinel lymph node mapping -
  The use of dyes and radioactive substances to identify the first lymph node to which cancer is likely to spread from the primary tumor. Cancer cells may appear first in the sentinel node before spreading to other lymph nodes and other places in the body.
• seocalcitol -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called vitamin D analogs.
• Sepak Takraw
  Sepak Takraw (Kick Volleyball) is a fast growing and popular sport in Asia.Called Takraw for short, it is a cross between soccer & volleyball, played on a badminton doubles sized court.
• Separation anxiety
  Separation anxiety disorder is a psychological condition in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (like a father and mother). ...
• sepsis - SEP-sis
  The presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues.
• septate - SEP-tate
  An organ or structure that is divided into compartments.
• Septic Arthritis
  Septic arthritis is the proliferation of bacteria in joints and resultant inflammation. Bacteria are either carried by the bloodstream from an infectious focus elsewhere or are introduced by a skin lesion that penetrates the joint.
• septicemia -
  Disease caused by the spread of bacteria and their toxins in the bloodstream. Also called blood poisoning.
• Septo-Optic Dysplasia
  Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a congenital malformation syndrome manifested by hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the optic nerve, hypopituitarism, and absence of the septum pellucidum (a midline part of the brain). In a severe case, this results in pituitary hormone deficiencies, blindness, and mental retardation. However, there are milder degrees of each of the three problems, and some children only have one or two of the three.
• Septocaine
  
• Septra Injection
  
• Septra Oral Susp
  
• sequential treatment -
  One treatment after the other.
• Serbia and Montenegro
  Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Србија и Црна Гора, Srbija i Crna Gora, often abbreviated as "SCG") is the name of the union of Serbia and Montenegro, two former Yugoslav republics united since 2003 in a loose confederation. It is located on the west-central Balkan Peninsula.
• Serentil
  
• Serentil Injection
  
• Serentil Oral Concetrate
  
• Serevent
  
• SERM -
  Selective estrogen receptor modulator. A drug that acts like estrogen on some tissues but blocks the effect of estrogen on other tissues. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are SERMs.
• serotonin -
  A hormone found in the brain, platelets, digestive tract, and pineal gland. It acts both as a neurotransmitter (a substance that nerves use to send messages to one another) and a vasoconstrictor (a substance that causes blood vessels to narrow). A lack of serotonin in the brain is thought to be a cause of depression. Also called 5-hydroxytryptamine.
• serous - SEER-us
  Having to do with serum, the clear liquid part of blood.
• sertraline -
  A drug that is used to treat depression. It belongs to the family of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Also called Zoloft®.
• Sertraline Oral Solution
  
• serum -
  The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed.
• serum albumin -
  The main protein in blood plasma. Low levels of serum albumin occur in people with malnutrition, inflammation, and serious liver and kidney disease.
• serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase -
  SGPT. An enzyme found in the liver and other tissues. A high level of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase released into the blood may be a sign of liver damage, cancer, or other diseases. Also called alanine transferase.
• serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase -
  SGOT. An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and other tissues. A high level of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase released into the blood may be a sign of liver or heart damage, cancer, or other diseases. Also called aspartate transaminase.
• Serum Iron
  
• Serum Sickness
  Serum sickness is a reaction to an antiserum derived from an animal source. It is a type of hypersensitivity, specifically immune complex hypersensitivity. Serum sickness typically develops up to ten days after exposure to the antiserum, and symptoms are similar to an allergic reaction. However, it is different to anaphylaxis, since the symptoms are not instantaneous.
• serum tumor marker test -
  A blood test that measures the amount of substances called tumor markers (or biomarkers). Tumor markers are released into the blood by tumor cells or by other cells in response to tumor cells. A high level of a tumor marker may be a sign of cancer.
• Serutan
  Serutan was an early fiber-type laxative product which was widely promoted on U.S. television in the 1950s and 1960s.
• Servent Diskus
  
• Service Animals
  
• Service Animals/animal Assistants
  
• sesquiterpene lactone -
  A substance found in some plants. Sesquiterpene lactones may have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Plants containing sesquiterpene lactones have been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems.
• sestamibi breast imaging -
  A type of breast imaging test that is used to detect cancer cells in the breasts of some women who have had abnormal mammograms, or who have dense breast tissue. Sestamibi breast imaging is not used for screening, or in place of a mammogram. In this test, a woman receives an injection of a small amount of a radioactive substance called technetium 99, which is taken up by cancer cells, and a gamma camera is used to take pictures of the breasts. Also called scintimammography and Miraluma test.
• SETS
  Stock Exchange Electronic Trading Service
• Seven star
  
• Severe anemia from prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding
  
• Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
  When a child is born without most of the defenses of an immune system. SCID is also known as the "bubble" disease because people with SCID are isolated to avoid infection.
• Severe heart valve damage
  
• severe myelosuppression -
  Severe reduction in the numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the bone marrow. Severe myelosuppression is a side effect of some cancer treatments. Also called myeloablation.
• Severe valve damage
  
• Sevoflurane
  Sevoflurane (2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether), also called fluoromethyl, is a halogenated ether used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Together with desflurane, it is replacing isoflurane and halothane in modern anesthesiology. It is often administered in nitrous oxide and pure oxygen. After desflurane it is the volatile anesthetic with the fastest onset and offset.
• Sex
  Sex- is a Latin numerical prefix meaning 6. The Greek equivalent is hexa-. Some words are: *Sextet = 6 musicians*Sexagenarian = 6 decades old*Sextuplet = 6 children born at the same time to one mother*Sexdactyly people have 6 fingers instead of the usual 5*A sextant is a measuring instrument in the shape of 1/6 of a circle*Sextilis, the sixth month of the early Roman calendar
• Sex Disorders
  
• Sex Education
  Sex education is education about sexual reproduction in human beings, sexual intercourse and other aspects of human sexual behavior.
• Sexual Abuse
  Sexual abuse is physical or psychological abuse or harm that involves sexual behavior. Most forms of sexual abuse are crimes in most countries.Forms of sexual abuse include rape, indecent assault and psychological. It can carry far in to the victims life, even to the point where they become sexual predators themselves. This is most commonly called "The Trickle Down Effect".
• Sexual Abuse/assault
  
• Sexual and Urologic Problems of Diabetes
  
• Sexual Assault
  This page deals with sexual assault as a medical emergency and gives information on how victims, first-aiders and medical personnel can respond.
• Sexual Dysfunction
  Sexual problems, also called sexual dysfunction or sexual malfunction, are defined as difficulty during any stage of the sexual act (which includes desire, arousal, orgasm, and resolution) that prevents the individual or couple from enjoying sexual activity.
• Sexual Harassment
  Sexual harassment is harassment of a sexual nature, typically in the workplace or other setting where raising objections or refusing may have negative consequences. In American employment law, it is any unwelcome sexual advance or conduct on the job, having the effect of making the workplace intimidating, hostile or offensive. Sexual harassment is considered a form of illegal discrimination.
• Sexual Health
  Sexual health refers to the many factors that impact sexual function and reproduction. These factors include a variety of physical, mental and emotional issues. Disorders that affect any of these factors can impact a person's physical and emotional health, as well as his or her relationships and self-image.
• Sexual Health (General)
  Sexual health refers to the many factors that impact sexual function and reproduction. These factors include a variety of physical, mental and emotional issues. Disorders that affect any of these factors can impact a person's physical and emotional health, as well as his or her relationships and self-image.
• Sexual Health Issues
  
• Sexual obsession
  
• Sexual Violence
  Rape is a crime wherein the victim is forced into sexual activity against his or her will, in particular sexual penetration. It is considered by most societies to be among the most severe crimes.
• Sexuality
  Human sexuality refers to the expression of sexual sensation and related emotional intimacy between human beings.
• Sexually Transmitted Disease
  Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), are diseases that are commonly transmitted between partners through some form of sexual activity, most commonly vaginal intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex. They were commonly known as venereal diseases (VD) until some time around 1990, when public health officials introduced the new term in an effort to improve the clarity of their warnings to the public.
• Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Reports
  
• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), are diseases that are commonly transmitted between partners through some form of sexual activity, most commonly vaginal intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex. They were commonly known as venereal diseases (VD) until some time around 1990, when public health officials introduced the new term in an effort to improve the clarity of their warnings to the public.
• Seychelles
  The Republic of Seychelles (say-SHELLS or say-SHELL) (Creole: Repiblik Sesel) is a nation of islands in the Indian Ocean, some 1,600 km east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar. Other nearby island countries and territories include Mauritius and Réunion to the south, Comoros to the southwest, and the Maldives to the northeast.
• Sezary Syndrome
  A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a cancerous disease that affects the skin.
• SGN-00101 -
  A substance that is being studied in the prevention of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called fusion proteins.
• SGN-15 -
  A substance that combines a monoclonal antibody with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin. The monoclonal antibody helps deliver doxorubicin directly to tumor cells. SGN-15 belongs to the family of drugs called antibody drug conjugates. Also called cBR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugate.
• SGOT -
  Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and other tissues. A high level of SGOT released into the blood may be a sign of liver or heart damage, cancer, or other diseases. Also called aspartate transaminase.
• SGPT -
  Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase. An enzyme found in the liver and other tissues. A high level of SGPT released into the blood may be a sign of liver damage, cancer, or other diseases. Also called alanine transferase.
• Shaken Baby Syndrome
  Shaken baby syndrome describes a variety of outcomes that may occur as a result of violently shaking or hitting the head of a small child. These results may include neurological damage ranging from lethargy to death. These result from destruction of brain cells secondary to the initial trauma, oxygen deprivation and swelling of the brain. Retinal hemorrhages are also commonly found in children suffering from SBS. Subdural hematoma is commonly found in SBS victims.
• sham therapy -
  An inactive treatment or procedure that is intended to mimic as closely as possible a therapy in a clinical trial. Also called placebo therapy.
• Shamanism
  Shamanism is a range of traditional beliefs and practices that involve the ability to diagnose, cure, and sometimes cause human suffering by traversing the axis mundi and forming a special relationship with, or gaining control over, spirits. Shamans have been credited with the ability to control the weather, divination, the interpretation of dreams, astral projection, and traveling to upper and lower worlds. Shamanistic traditions have existed throughout the world since prehistoric times.
• Shapedown Pediatric Obesity
  
• Shapefast
  
• Shark Cartilage
  is obtained from sharks caught for food. It is rich in mucopolysaccharides which are beneficial for arthritis, hemorrhoids and skin allergies. Sharks have a powerful immune system, and its cartilage contains an anti-angiogenesis substance that inhibits the growth of new blood vessels. This seems effective in treating cancer and arthritis. ...
• Sharps Safety
  
• shave biopsy - BY-ahp-see
  A procedure in which a skin abnormality and a thin layer of surrounding skin are removed with a small blade for examination under a microscope. Stitches are not needed with this procedure.
• Shave-grass
  
• SHBG
  Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to sex hormones, specifically testosterone and estradiol. Other steroid hormones such as progesterone, cortisol, and other corticosteroids are bound by transcortin.
• Sheehan syndrome
  Sheehan syndrome, also known as postpartum hypopituitarism or postpartum pituitary necrosis, is hypopituitarism (decreased functioning of the ...
• Shellfish
  Shellfish is a term used to describe molluscs and crustaceans used as food. Molluscs include the clam, mussel, oyster, and scallop; some crustaceans are the shrimp, lobster, crayfish, and crab. Snails, while similar to most shellfish biologically, are generally not considered to be shellfish.
• Shiatsu
  Shiatsu (Japanese 指圧) - is a massage technique originating in Japan. Shiatsu therapy was developed by one person. All Shiatsu therapists from Japan are trained through his lineage. All people properly trained outside of Japan were trained by someone from this direct lineage. The different approaches to the practice have spread across the world in distinct lineages but all were developed as derivatives by someone with full and proper education.
• Shiatsu Massage
  
• Shigella Infections
  
• Shigellosis
  Shigellosis is an illness, caused by infection by bacteria of the genus Shigella. It accounts for less than 10% of the reported outbreaks of foodborne illness in the USA. Shigella rarely occurs in animals; principally a disease of humans except other primates such as monkeys and chimpanzees. The organism is frequently found in water polluted with human feces, and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route.
• shiitake mushroom -
  Lentinus edodes. A dark oriental mushroom widely used as a food. Several anticancer substances have been found in shiitake mushrooms, including lentinan, which has been studied in Japan as a treatment for stomach and colorectal cancer.
• Shin splints
  Shin splints are a condition where there is pain in the anterior tibia caused by overuse of the legs. They are most common in inexperienced runners who overtrain, but anyone engaging in running or other high-impact sports may experience them. The pain is typically in the upper, anterior tibia and is worsened by exertion. There may be slight tenderness of the affected region.
• Shingles
  Herpes zoster, colloquially known as shingles, is the reactivation of varicella zoster virus, leading to a crop of painful blisters over the area of a dermatome. It occurs very rarely in children and adults, but its incidence is high in the elderly (over 60), as well as in any age group of immunocompromised patients. It strikes 500,000 people per year in the United States. Treatment is generally with acyclovir. Many develop a painful condition termed postherpetic neuralgia.
• Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
  Herpes zoster, colloquially known as shingles, is the reactivation of varicella zoster virus, leading to a crop of painful blisters over the area of a dermatome. It occurs very rarely in children and adults, but its incidence is high in the elderly (over 60), as well as in any age group of immunocompromised patients. It strikes 500,000 people per year in the United States. Treatment is generally with acyclovir. Many develop a painful condition termed postherpetic neuralgia.
• Shingles (Varicella-Zoster Virus)
  Herpes zoster, colloquially known as shingles, is the reactivation of varicella zoster virus, leading to a crop of painful blisters over the area of a dermatome. It occurs very rarely in children and adults, but its incidence is high in the elderly (over 60), as well as in any age group of immunocompromised patients. It strikes 500,000 people per year in the United States. Treatment is generally with acyclovir. Many develop a painful condition termed postherpetic neuralgia.
• Shingles and Chickenpox
  
• Shining Your Inner Light
  
• Shipbuilding
  Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, originally called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history.
• Sho-saiko-to -
  A Japanese formulation of seven Chinese herbs that is being studied as a treatment for cancer.
• Shock Lung
  
• Shoes
  A shoe is an item of footwear.
• Shooting
  Shooting is the act of causing a gun to fire at a target.
• Short Bowel Syndrome
  Short bowel syndrome is a malabsorption disorder caused by either the surgical removal of the small intestine or the loss of its absorptive function due to diseases.
• Shoulder
  In human anatomy, the shoulder joint is composed of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) (see diagram). Two joints facilitate shoulder movement. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is located between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle. ...
• Shoulder and Neck Pain
  
• Shoulder Injuries and Disorders
  
• Shoulder Problems
  Each year, shoulder problems account for about 1.5 million visits to orthopaedic surgeons--doctors who treat disorders of the bones, muscles, and related structures. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, about four million people in the United States seek medical care each year for shoulder sprain, strain, dislocation, or other problems.
• Shoulder Replacement
  
• Shoulder/Neck Pain
  
• Shuangyiping
  
• shunt -
  A surgeon implants or creates a shunt to move blood or other fluid from one part of the body to another part. For example, a surgeon may implant a tube to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to the abdomen. A surgeon may also change normal blood flow by joining two blood vessels together.
• sialic acid -
  A type of sugar molecule.
• sialyl Tn-KLH -
  A vaccine composed of a substance that enhances immunity plus an antigen found on some tumors of the colon, breast, lung, ovary, pancreas, and stomach.
• Siberian Ginseng
  Siberian ginseng is the common name given to the species Eleutherococcus senticosus. It is named from its herbal properties similar to those of the related ginseng, however it is not a true ginseng as it belongs to a different genus in the Araliaceae. Because of this it is also sometimes called eleuthero.
• Siblan
  
• Sibutramine
  Sibutramine (Meridia® in the USA, Reductil® in Europe), usually as sibutramide hydrochloride monohydrate, is an orally administered agent for the treatment of obesity. It is an anorectic (i.e. it decreases appetite) although it also has antidepressant properties. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 1997 for the treatment of obesity.
• Sick sinus syndrome
  Sick sinus syndrome, also called sinus node dysfunction, is a group of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) presumably caused by a malfunction of ...
• Sickle Cell
  Sickle cell anemia (American English), sickle cell anaemia (British English) or sickle cell disease is a genetic disease in which red blood cells may change shape under certain circumstances. This causes the cells to become stuck in capillaries which deprives the downstream tissues of oxygen and causes ischemia and infarction. ...
• Sickle cell anemia
  Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder that affects hemoglobin, a protein that enables red blood cells to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. The disorder produces abnormal hemoglobin, which causes the red blood cells to sickle or become crescent-shaped. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by a low number of red blood cells (anemia), infection, and periodic episodes of pain, usually beginning in early childhood. Symptoms vary from person to person; some people have mild symptoms, while others are frequently hospitalized. With this disorder, sickle-shaped red blood cells are destroyed rapidly, causing anemia. Anemia can lead to shortness of breath, fatigue, and delayed growth and development in children. The rapid breakdown of red blood cells may also cause yellowing of the eyes and skin, which are signs of jaundice. Other symptoms of sickle cell anemia occur when the stiff, inflexible sickled red blood cells get stuck in small blood vessels, depriving organs and tissues of oxygen-rich blood. A serious complication of sickle cell anemia is high blood pressure in the blood vessels that supply the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). Pulmonary hypertension occurs in about one-third of adults with sickle cell disease.
• side effect -
  A problem that occurs when treatment affects tissues or organs other than the ones being treated. Some common side effects of cancer treatment are fatigue, pain, nausea, vomiting, decreased blood cell counts, hair loss, and mouth sores.
• Side effects from drugs such as amphotericin B
  
• Side effects of chemotherapy (depending on the type of chemotherapy)
  Chemotherapy, in its most general sense, refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells, both good and bad, but specifically those of ...
• side-to-end coloanal anastomosis -
  A surgical procedure in which the side of the colon is attached to the anus after the rectum has been removed. A section of the colon about 2 inches long is formed into a mini-pouch in order to replace the function of the rectum and store stool until it can be eliminated. This procedure is similar to the J-pouch coloanal anastomosis but a much smaller pouch is formed.
• sideropenic dysphagia -
  A disorder marked by anemia caused by iron deficiency, and a web-like growth of membranes in the throat that makes swallowing difficult. Having sideropenic dysphagia may increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Also called Paterson-Kelly syndrome and Plummer-Vinson syndrome.
• Sierra Leone
  The Republic of Sierra Leone is a country in West Africa, on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The country is bordered by Guinea in the north and Liberia in the southeast.
• sigmoid colon - SIG-moyd KO-lun
  The S-shaped section of the colon that connects to the rectum.
• sigmoidoscope - sig-MOY-da-skope
  A thin, lighted tube used to view the inside of the colon.
• sigmoidoscopy - sig-moid-OSS-ko-pee
  Inspection of the lower colon using a thin, lighted tube called a sigmoidoscope. Samples of tissue or cells may be collected for examination under a microscope. Also called proctosigmoidoscopy.
• signal transduction inhibitor -
  A drug that may prevent the ability of cancer cells to multiply quickly and invade other tissues.
• signet ring cell carcinoma -
  A highly malignant type of cancer typically found in glandular cells that line the digestive organs. The cells resemble signet rings when examined under a microscope.
• SIL -
  Squamous intraepithelial lesion. A general term for the abnormal growth of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix. The changes in the cells are described as low grade or high grade, depending on how much of the cervix is affected and how abnormal the cells appear.
• Silace-C
  
• Siladryl Elixir
  
• Sildec DM Drops
  
• sildenafil -
  A substance that is used to treat erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil relaxes the smooth muscle of the penis to allow increased blood flow and erection. It belongs to the family of drugs called phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Also called Viagra.
• Silexin
  
• Silica
  The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula SiO2.
• silicone -
  A synthetic gel that is used as an outer coating on breast implants and as the inside filling of some implants.
• Silicosis
  Silicosis (also known as Grinder's disease and Potter's rot) is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust, and is marked by inflammation and scarring in forms of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs.
• Siltussin DM Syrup
  
• Silver Sulfadiazine
  Silver sulfadiazine is a topical antibiotic used on second- and third-degree burns. The cream is kept applied to the burned skin at all times, for the duration of the healing period or until a graft is applied. It prevents the growth of a wide array of bacteria, as well as yeast, on the damaged skin. Silver sulfadiazine is typically delivered in a 1% solution suspended in a water-soluble base. The chemical itself is poorly soluble, and has only very limited penetration through the skin. ...
• silymarin -
  A substance obtained from milk thistle seeds that is being studied in the prevention of liver damage caused by certain cancer treatments.
• Simethicone
  Simethicone, also known by its trade names Phazyme and Mylicon, is used as an oral antifoaming agent. It works by reducing the surface tension of bubbles, causing them to coalesce into larger bubbles that can be passed more easily by belching or flatulence. It is the active ingredient in drugs such as Gas-X. Chemically, simethicone is a mixture of dimethylpolysiloxanes.
• Simethicone Oral Drops
  
• Simethicone Oral Suspension
  
• Simple Kidney Cysts
  
• simple mastectomy -
  Removal of the breast. Also called total mastectomy.
• simple nephrectomy - neh-FREK-tuh-mee
  Surgery to remove one kidney.
• Simple pulmonary eosinophilia
  
• simulation -
  In cancer treatment, a process used to plan radiation therapy so that the target area is precisely located and marked.
• Simvastatin
  In pharmacology, simvastatin (Zocor®, Zocor Heart Pro®, marketed by the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co.) is a drug belonging the class of compounds called "statins". It is used to control hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and to prevent cardiovascular disease.
• Sin Nombre Virus Infection
  
• Sinemet
  The brand name of the most commonly prescribed version of the drug levodopa, made by Du Pont Pharmaceuticals
• Sinemet CR
  
• Sinequan
  Doxepin, is a tricyclic antidepressant and is used to treat depression and anxiety. It is also used in some cases to treat persistent hives when other treatments have failed.
• Sinequan Oral Solution
  
• Singapore
  The Republic of Singapore (Simplified Chinese: 新加坡共和国; Pinyin: xīn jiā pō gòng hé guó, Malay: Republik Singapura; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு), is an island city-state in Southeast Asia, situated on the southern tip of Malay Peninsula, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of the Indonesian islands of Riau. ...
• single blind study -
  A type of clinical trial in which only the doctor knows whether a patient is taking the standard treatment or the new treatment being tested. This helps prevent bias in treatment studies.
• Single Food Diets
  
• single-photon emission computed tomography -
  SPECT. A special type of computed tomography (CT) scan in which a small amount of a radioactive drug is injected into a vein and a scanner is used to make detailed images of areas inside the body where the radioactive material is taken up by the cells. SPECT can give information about blood flow to tissues and chemical reactions (metabolism) in the body.
• Singulair Granules
  
• Sinus Headache
  A headache caused by a clogged sinus cavity.
• Sinus Infection
  Sinusitis is inflammation, either bacterial, viral, allergic or autoimmune, of the paranasal sinuses.
• Sinusitis
  Sinusitis is inflammation, either bacterial, viral, allergic or autoimmune, of the paranasal sinuses.
• SINUvent PE
  
• siplizumab -
  A monoclonal antibody that is being studied in the treatment of certain lymphoproliferative disorders and psoriasis. Also called MEDI-507.
• sirolimus -
  A drug used to help prevent the body from rejecting organ and bone marrow transplants. It is also being studied as a treatment for cancer. Sirolimus belongs to the family of drugs called immunosuppressants. It was previously called rapamycin.
• Sirolimus Oral Solution
  
• Six-Day Body Makeover
  
• Sjogren//'s syndrome
  
• Sjogrens Syndrome
  
• Sjögren’
  
• Skateboarding
  Skateboarding is the act of rolling on or interacting with a skateboard. Someone who skateboards is a skater (or skateboarder or most fully skateboard rider), though the shortest term may also refer to someone ice skating or roller skating.
• Skating
  in-line roller skates: in-line roller skates ( informal )
• Skelaxin
  
• skeletal -
  Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body).
• Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
  
• skeleton -
  The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage.
• Skelid
  
• Skin
  In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system; which is composed of a layer of tissues that protect underlying muscles and organs. Skin is used for insulation, vitamin D production, sensation, and excretion (through sweat).
• Skin and soft tissue breakdown (ulceration) that may require amputation
  
• Skin Cancer, Childhood
  
• Skin Carcinoma, Merkel Cell
  
• Skin Conditions
  
• Skin damage due to skin cancers
  
• Skin Diseases
  Dermatology (from Greek derma, "skin") is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases, as well as its appendages (nails, hair, sweat glands). A doctor who practices dermatology is a dermatologist.
• Skin Diseases (General)
  Dermatology (from Greek derma, "skin") is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases, as well as its appendages (nails, hair, sweat glands). A doctor who practices dermatology is a dermatologist.
• Skin Diseases And Disorders
  
• Skin Disorders
  Any disorder of the skin, including rashes, eczema, and birthmarks.
• Skin Disorders, Drug Reactions
  
• skin graft -
  Skin that is moved from one part of the body to another.
• skin patch -
  A bandage-like patch that releases medicine into the body through the skin. The medicine enters the blood slowly and steadily.
• Skin Pigmentation Disorders
  
• Skin Rashes
  A rash is a change in the skin which affects its appearance or texture. A rash may be localised to one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change colour, itch, become warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. The causes, and therefore treatments for, rashes vary widely. ...
• Skin Self Examination
  
• skin stimulation -
  The process of applying pressure, friction, temperature change, or chemical substances to the skin to lessen or block a feeling of pain.
• Skin Tear
  
• skin test -
  A test for an immune response to a compound by placing it on or under the skin.
• Skin, Hair and Nails
  
• Skin, Hair, and Nails
  
• Skinny Pill
  
• Skinny Pill for Kids
  
• SLAITS
  
• Slapped Cheek Disease
  
• Sleep A-Weigh
  
• Sleep disorders in the elderly
  These involve any distruptive pattern of sleep or abormal behaviors associated with sleep.
• Sleeping Sickness
  Sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease in humans. Caused by protozoa of genus Trypanosoma and transmitted by the tsetse fly, the disease is endemic in certain regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, covering about 36 countries and 60 million people. It is estimated that 300,000 - 500,000 people are infected, and about 40,000 die every year. Three major epidemics have occurred in the past hundred years, in 1896 - 1906, 1920, and 1970.
• Sleeplessness
  Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterised by an inability to sleep and/or to remain asleep for a reasonable period during the night. Sufferers typically complain of being unable to close their eyes for more than a few minutes at a time, or of 'tossing and turning' through the night.
• Sleepwalking
  Sleepwalking (also called noctambulism or somnambulism) is a sleep disorder where the sufferer engages in activities that are normally associated with wakefulness while asleep or in a sleeplike state. Sleepwalking can affect people of any age.
• Slim Down Solution
  
• Slim Fast
  Slim-Fast is a food and beverage brand owned by Unilever, mainly in slimming shakes and packaged drinks.
• Slim Fast Diet
  
• Slimpatch
  
• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
  Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a medical term referring to a fracture through the physis (the growth plate), which results in ...
• Slipped Disk
  Slipped disc (medical term: prolapsed intervertebral disc) is a condition in which, due to a tear in the outer fibrous ring, the central part of the intervertebral disc is protruding into the spinal canal. Most commonly this occurs in the lowermost part of the spine, especially between the fourth and fifth vertebral bodies and between the fifth vetrebral body and the sacrum. This protrusion usually occurs to one side of the spinal canal, at the point where a nerve root leaves the canal. ...
• Slippery elm
  Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra, syn. U. fulva) is a species of elm native to eastern North America from southeast North Dakota east to southern Quebec and south to northernmost Florida and eastern Texas. Although similar to American Elm in general appearance, it is more closely related to the European Wych Elm, sharing very similar flower structure with that species. It is less susceptible to Dutch elm disease than many elms, and has a different branching pattern. ...
• Slo-bid Gyrocaps
  
• Slo-Niacin
  
• Slo-Phyllin
  
• Slo-Phyllin Gyrocaps
  
• Slo-Phyllin Syrup
  
• Slovakia
  Slovakia (Slovak: Slovensko) is a landlocked republic in Central Europe. It borders the Czech Republic in the northwest, Poland in the north, Ukraine in the east, Hungary in the south, and Austria in the southwest.
• Slovenia
  The Republic of Slovenia (Slovenian: Republika Slovenija) is a coastal sub-Alpine country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north.
• Small Businesses
  A small business may be defined as a business with a small number of employees. The legal definition of "small" often varies by country and industry, but is generally under 100 employees. These businesses are normally privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships.
• small cell lung cancer -
  A type of lung cancer in which the cells appear small and round when viewed under the microscope. Also called oat cell lung cancer.
• small intestine -
  The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine.
• Small Intestine Cancer
  
• Smallpox
  Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a highly contagious disease unique to humans. It is caused by two virus variants called Variola major and Variola minor. V. major is the more deadly form, with a typical mortality of 20-40 percent of those infected. The other type, V. minor, only kills 1% of its victims. Many survivors are left blind in one or both eyes from corneal ulcerations, and persistent skin scarring - pockmarks - is nearly universal. ...
• Smallpox Vaccine
  The smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine ever to be developed and remains the only effective preventive treatment for the deadly smallpox disease. It was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner who discovered that milkmaids who caught the cowpox virus did not catch smallpox.
• Smart Snacking
  
• Smell and Taste
  Susan Schiffman, Duke University Medical Center
• Smell and Taste Disorder
  
• Smell Disorders
  
• Smell/taste/chemosensory Disorders
  
• Smilace
  
• Smilax officinalis
  
• Smilax sarsaparilla
  
• Smokeless (Spit) Tobacco
  
• Smokeless Tobacco
  
• Smoking
  Smoking is the process of curing, cooking, or seasoning food by exposing it for long periods of time to the smoke from a wood fire. "Hot smoking" is a several-hours-long process that can be used to fully cook raw meats or fish, while "cold smoking" is an hours- or days-long process that is generally used to preserve or flavour foods (usually meats or fish, but sometimes cheeses, vegetables, fruits, and even beer).
• Smoking and Pregnancy
  
• Smoking and Women
  
• Smoking and Your Digestive System
  
• Smoking and Youth
  
• Smoking Cessation
  Smoking cessation is the effort to stop smoking tobacco products. With nicotine an addictive substance, many people find it hard to stop smoking without help. Various approaches are available, both psychological and pharmacological, although success rates are relatively low.
• Smoking Cessation and Continued Risk in Cancer Patients
  
• Smoking in Pregnancy
  
• Smoking Policies
  
• smoldering leukemia -
  Disease in which the bone marrow does not function normally. Also called preleukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome.
• SMT-487 -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called somatostatin analogs.
• SMX-TMP Injection
  
• Snake Bites
  
• Snake Venom
  "Venom" is a general term for the toxins used by several groups of animal species, for the purpose of defense and hunting prey. Most widely known are snakes, some species of which inject venom into their prey through hollow fangs, spiders, which also inject venom through "fangs", and stinging insects, which inject venom with a sting. Wasps and bees illustrate the two divisions in the definition above.
• SnET2 -
  An anticancer drug that is also used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called photosensitizing agents. Also called tin ethyl etiopurpurin.
• Snoring
  Snoring is the act of breathing through the open mouth in such a way as to cause a vibration of the uvula and soft palate, thus giving rise to a sound which may vary from a soft noise to a loud unpleasant sound. This most commonly occurs during sleep.
• Snuff
  Snuff is a band formed in 1986 that produced albums released on Workers Playtime, their own 10 Past 12 Records, Deceptive and later under the Fat Wreck Chords label started by Fat Mike of NOFX. They play a recognizable mix of pop, punk and thrash from North West London, UK. They are famous for their cover versions of television theme songs (In Sickness and in Health), advertising jingles (such as the Shake'n'vac theme song) and trivial pop fluff (I Think We're Alone Now).
• SNX 111 -
  A drug used in the treatment of chronic pain. Also called ziconotide.
• soblidotin -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called tubulin inhibitors. Also called TZT-1027.
• Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
  Social anxiety, sometimes known as social phobia or social anxiety disorder (SAD), is a common form of anxiety disorder that causes sufferers to experience intense anxiety in some or all of the social interactions and public events of everyday life. For instance, some sufferers have difficulty attending parties or meetings, making a phone call, walking into a shop to purchase goods, or asking for help from authority figures.
• Social Issues
  Questions concerning how events may affect society as a whole and individuals in society.
• Social Security
  Social security mainly refers to a field of social welfare concerned with social protection, or protection against socially recognized needs, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment, families with children and others.
• Social Support
  Social Support is the physical and emotional comfort given to us by our family, friends, co-workers and others. It is knowing that we are part of a community of people who love and care for us, and value and think well of us.
• social worker -
  A professional trained to talk with people and their families about emotional or physical needs, and to find them support services.
• Social/Family Issues
  
• sodium -
  A mineral needed by the body to keep body fluids in balance. Sodium is found in table salt and in many processed foods. Too much sodium can cause the body to retain water.
• Sodium Azide
  Sodium azide (NaN3) is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical that exists as an odorless white solid. When it is mixed with water or an acid, sodium azide changes rapidly to a toxic gas with a pungent (sharp) odor. It also changes into a toxic gas when it comes in contact with solid metals (for example, when it is poured into a drain pipe containing lead or copper). The odor of the gas may not be sharp enough, however, to give people sufficient warning of the danger.
• Sodium Bicarbonate
  Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), or sodium hydrogen carbonate, also known as baking soda and bicarbonate of soda, is a soluble white anhydrous or crystalline compound, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. It is found in many mineral springs and also produced artificially.
• Sodium Bicarbonate Injection
  
• Sodium Bicarbonate Powder
  
• sodium borocaptate -
  BSH. A substance used in a type of radiation therapy called boron neutron capture therapy. BSH is injected into a vein, and becomes concentrated in tumor cells. The patient then receives radiation treatment with atomic particles called neutrons. The neutrons react with the boron in BSH, producing radioactive particles that kill the tumor cells without harming normal cells.
• Sodium cyanide
  Sodium cyanide is a highly toxic chemical compound, also known as sodium salt of hydrocyanic acid and cyanogran. Immediate medical attention is required in the event of cyanide poisoning, as it is quickly fatal.
• Sodium Ferric Gluconate Injection
  
• Sodium Flouride
  
• Sodium Fluoride Dental Cream
  
• Sodium Fluoride Dental Gel
  
• Sodium Fluoride Dental Rinse
  
• Sodium Fluoride Oral Solution
  
• Sodium Lactate
  a pH adjuster.
• Sodium Oxybate
  
• Sodium Phosphates
  Sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) is a phosphate of sodium.
• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate
  
• sodium salicylate -
  A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Sodium salicylate may be tolerated by people who are sensitive to aspirin.
• Sodium Sulamyd
  
• sodium sulfite -
  A chemical used in photography, paper making, water treatment, and for other purposes.
• sodium thiosulfate - SO-dee-um thye-oh-SUL-fate
  A substance that is used in medicine as an antidote to cyanide poisoning and to decrease side effects of the anticancer drug cisplatin.
• Sodol Compound
  
• soft diet -
  A diet consisting of bland foods that are softened by cooking, mashing, pureeing, or blending.
• soft palate - PAL-et
  The back, muscular (not bony) part of the roof of the mouth.
• soft tissue -
  Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body.
• soft tissue sarcoma - TISH-oo sar-KO-ma
  A sarcoma that begins in the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body.
• Soft tissue sarcoma cancer
  
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Adult
  
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Childhood
  
• Softball
  Softball is a team sport, in which a ball eleven to twelve inches in circumference is thrown by a player called a pitcher and hit by an offensive player called a batter with a round, smooth stick called a bat. The ball itself is also called a softball. Scoring is accomplished by the batter running and touching a series of four markers on the ground called bases. ...
• Software
  Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. Program software performs the function of the program it implements, either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software.
• Solaquin
  
• solar keratosis -
  A precancerous condition of thick, scaly patches of skin. Also called actinic or senile keratosis.
• Solaraze
  
• Solarcaine Topical
  
• Solarquin Forte
  
• Solganal
  
• solid tumor -
  An abnormal mass of tissue that usually does not contain cysts or liquid areas. Solid tumors may be benign (not cancerous), or malignant (cancerous). Different types of solid tumors are named for the type of cells that form them. Examples of solid tumors are sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas. Leukemias (cancers of the blood) generally do not form solid tumors.
• Solitary Kidney
  
• Solomon Islands
  The Solomon Islands is a nation in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea and is part of the Commonwealth of Nations. It consists of more than 990 islands, which together cover a land mass of 28,000 square kilometres.
• Solu-Cortef
  
• Solu-Medrol
  
• Soluspan Injection
  
• Solution Diet
  
• Soma Compound
  
• Somalia
  Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال, As-Sumal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a coastal nation in East Africa. Continentally, it is entirely surrounded by Ethiopia and Djibouti on the north and mid-west, and Kenya on its south-west; with the Gulf of Aden on its east. It currently exists solely in a de jure capacity, which can be described as anarchy. ...
• Soman
  Soman or GD (O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extrememly toxic substance that is one of the world's most dangerous weapons of war. Because it fatally interferes with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system, it is classified as a nerve agent. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN Resolution 687, and its production and stockpiling was outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. ...
• Somapractic
  
• somatic cell -
  Any of the body cells except the reproductive (germ) cells.
• somatic mutation -
  An alteration in DNA that occurs after conception. Somatic mutations can occur in any of the cells of the body except the germ cells (sperm and egg) and therefore are not passed on to children. These alterations can (but do not always) cause cancer or other diseases.
• Somatization disorder
  Somatization disorder (also Briquet's disorder or, in antiquity, hysteria) is a psychiatric diagnosis applied to patients who chronically and ...
• Somatropin
  Synthetic or naturally occuring growth hormone from the human pituitary gland. It is given to children with open epiphyses for the treatment of pituitary dwarfism. Chemical name: Somatotropin (human).
• Some types of cervical cancer do not respond well to treatment.
  
• Somersize
  
• somnolence syndrome - SOM-no-lens
  Periods of drowsiness, lethargy, loss of appetite, and irritability in children following radiation therapy treatments to the head.
• Sonazine Concentrate
  
• Sonazine Syrup
  
• sonogram - SON-o-gram
  A computer picture of areas inside the body created by bouncing high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) off internal tissues or organs. Also called an ultrasonogram.
• Sonoma Diet
  
• Sonopuncture
  Sonopuncture is a modern technique said to be based in part on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and in part on New Age style speculation concerning the harmonic properties of outer space. It uses the application of sound signals on acupuncture points. It is a relatively new and relatively rare system, and isn't used by TCM practitioners in or from China proper.
• SonoRx
  
• Sorbitrate Oral Tablet
  
• Sore Throat
  Pharyngitis is a painful inflammation of the pharynx, and is colloquially referred to as a sore throat. Infection of the tonsils, tonsillitis (American English: tonsilitis) may occur simultaneously.
• sorivudine -
  An antiviral drug that is being studied as a treatment for herpesvirus. It belongs to the family of drugs called nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors.
• Sotalol
  Sotalol is a drug used in individuals with rhythm disturbances (cardiac arrhythmias) of the heart.It falls into the class of beta blockers (and class II antiarrhythmic agents) because of its primary action on the β-adrenergic receptors in the heart.
• Soto's Syndrome
  
• Soto//'s Syndrome
  
• Sound Healing & Music for Wellness
  
• Sound Therapy
  Listening to soothing sounds and music is intended to help with many medical problems, from tooth pain to Alzheimer's disease. Some studies have shown that music, besides easing stress, can also relieve pain and improve memory.
• Sound/Music Therapy
  
• South Africa
  The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of the African continent. It borders the countries of Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland. Lesotho is an independent nation, entirely surrounded by South African territory.
• South America, Temperate (Southern)
  
• South America, Tropical (Northern)
  
• South Beach Diet
  The South Beach diet was developed by a cardiologist, Arthur Agatston, practicing in the Miami, Florida area. The diet first appeared in a book of the same name, published by Rodale Press.
• South Carolina
  South Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. The state is named after King Charles I of England. As of 2004, the state's population is 4,198,068.
• South Dakota
  South Dakota is a state in the high plains of the northern Middle West. It is named after the Lakota (Sioux) American Indian tribe.South Dakota was admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889. North Dakota was admitted on the same day (see Trivia, below).
• South Georgia
  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina as part of Tierra del Fuego province (because of that, some of the islands have also Spanish names). They are administered from the Falkland Islands by UK civil commissioner Howard Pearce, representing Queen Elizabeth II. Defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom. Since 1982, the territory celebrates Liberation Day on June 14. ...
• South Korea
  South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK; Korean: Daehan Minguk (Hangul: 대한 민국; Hanja: 大韓民國)), is a country in East Asia, covering the southern half of the Korean Peninsula. To the north, the Republic of Korea borders North Korea, with which it formed a single nation until 1948. Its division was finalized by the Korean War. ...
• South Sandwich Islands
  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina as part of Tierra del Fuego province (because of that, some of the islands have also Spanish names). They are administered from the Falkland Islands by UK civil commissioner Howard Pearce, representing Queen Elizabeth II. Defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom. Since 1982, the territory celebrates Liberation Day on June 14. ...
• Southern Ginseng
  
• Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness
  
• Soy
  Soybeans (US) or Soya beans (UK) (Glycine max) are a high-protein legume (family Fabaceae) grown as food for both humans and livestock. The word soy is derived from the Japanese word shoyu (soy sauce/soya sauce).
• Soy Protein Shakes
  
• Spain
  The Kingdom of Spain or Spain (Spanish and Galician: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne d'Espanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the northeast, along the Pyrenees mountain range, it borders France and the tiny principality of Andorra. ...
• Spanish Bayonet
  a stiff yucca with a short trunk; found in the southern United States and tropical America; has rigid spine-tipped leaves and clusters of white flowers
• Spanish Language Materials
  
• Sparfloxacin
  
• Spasmodic Dysphonia
  a condition resulting in irregular voice breaks
• Spasmoject Injection
  
• Spasmus nutans
  
• Spasticity
  Spasticity is a disorder of the body's motor system in which certain muscles are continuously contracted. This contraction causes stiffness or tightness of the muscles and may interfere with gait, movement, and speech. Spasticity is usually caused by damage to the portion of the brain or spinal cord that controls voluntary movement. ...
• Spastrin
  
• Special K Diet
  
• specific immune cell -
  An immune cell such as a T or B lymphocyte that responds to a single, specific antigen.
• Specific reading disability
  
• specificity -
  When referring to a medical test, specificity refers to the percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a group of people who do not have the disease. No test is 100% specific because some people who do not have the disease will test positive for it (false positive).
• SPECT -
  Single-photon emission computed tomography. A special type of computed tomography (CT) scan in which a small amount of a radioactive drug is injected into a vein and a scanner is used to make detailed images of areas inside the body where the radioactive material is taken up by the cells. SPECT can give information about blood flow to tissues and chemical reactions (metabolism) in the body.
• Spectazole
  
• Spectinomycin
  Acts on ribosome and inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria.
• speculum - SPEK-yoo-lum
  An instrument used to widen an opening of the body to make it easier to look inside.
• Speech & Communication Disorders
  
• Speech and Communication Disorders
  
• Speech and Language: Developmental Milestones
  
• Speech difficulties
  
• Speech Disorders
  
• speech pathologist - pa-THOL-o-jist
  A specialist who evaluates and treats people with communication and swallowing problems. Also called a speech therapist.
• speech therapist -
  A specialist who evaluates and treats people with communication and swallowing problems. Also called a speech pathologist.
• sperm -
  The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle. A sperm unites with an egg to form an embryo.
• sperm banking -
  Freezing sperm for use in the future. This procedure can allow men to father children after loss of fertility.
• sperm retrieval -
  The doctor removes sperm from a man's testis or epididymis using a fine needle or another instrument.
• SPF -
  Sun protection factor. A scale for rating the level of sunburn protection in sunscreen products. The higher the SPF, the more sunburn protection it provides. Sunscreens with an SPF value of 2 through 11 provide minimal protection against sunburns. Sunscreens with an SPF of 12 through 29 provide moderate protection, which is adequate for most people. Those with an SPF of 30 or higher provide high protection against sunburn and are sometimes recommended for people who are highly sensitive to the sun.
• sphincter -
  A ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to open or close a passage or opening in the body. Examples are the anal sphincter (around the opening of the anus) and the pyloric sphincter (at the lower opening of the stomach).
• spiculated mass - SPIK-you-lay-ted...
  A lump of tissue with spikes or points on the surface.
• Spider angioma
  A spider angioma (also known as a nevus araneus, spider nevus, or vascular spider) is a type of angioma found slightly beneath the skin surface, often containing a central red spot and reddish extensions which radiate outwards like a spider's web. ...
• Spider Bites
  
• Spider-Venom Remedy
  
• Spider/Varicose Veins
  
• Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
  Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is a disorder of specialized nerve cells that control muscle movement (motor neurons). The condition, which mainly affects males, is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting that usually begins in adulthood and worsens slowly over time. Some men with the disorder also experience unusual breast development (gynecomastia) and may be infertile, or unable to conceive a child.
• spinal cord -
  A column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the back. It is surrounded by three protective membranes, and is enclosed within the vertebrae (back bones). The spinal cord and the brain make up the central nervous system, and spinal cord nerves carry most messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
• Spinal cord abscess
  
• Spinal Cord Diseases
  
• Spinal Cord Infarction
  
• Spinal Cord Injuries
  The spinal cord is a part of the vertebrate nervous system that is enclosed in and protected by the vertebral column (it passes through the spinal canal). It consists of nerve cells. The cord conveys the 31 spinal nerve pairs of the peripheral nervous system, as well as central nervous system pathways that innervate skeletal muscles.
• Spinal cord trauma
  Spinal cord injuries causes myelopathy or damage to white matter or myelinated fiber tracts that carry signals to and from the brain. ...
• Spinal Cord Tumors
  
• Spinal curvature
  an abnormal curvature of the vertebral column
• Spinal Diseases
  
• Spinal muscular atrophy
  Spinal muscular atrophy affects the control of muscle movement and is caused by a loss of specialized nerve cells (motor neurons) in the spinal cord and the part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord (brain stem). The loss of motor neurons leads to weakness and shrinkage (atrophy) of voluntary muscles used for activities such as crawling, walking, sitting up, and controlling head movement. Spinal muscular atrophy is divided into subtypes based on the severity and age of onset of symptoms. Type I (also called Werdnig-Hoffman disease) is the most severe form of spinal muscular atrophy. Symptoms are evident at birth or within the first few months of life. Affected infants usually have difficulty breathing and swallowing, and they are never able to sit or stand. Children with type II spinal muscular atrophy usually develop muscle weakness between 6 and 12 months of age. Type II children can sit, although they cannot stand or walk unaided. Type III spinal muscular atrophy (also called Kugelberg-Welander disease or juvenile type) is the least severe form, and patients are able to stand and walk unaided. Symptoms appear between early childhood (after age 18 months) and early adulthood. Type IV or adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy typically begins after age 30, and symptoms can range from very mild to very severe.
• Spinal Stenosis
  Spinal stenosis is a medical condition where the spinal canal narrows and pinches the spinal cord and nerves, usually due to disc herniation or a tumour.This may affect the cervical spine, the lumbar spine or both, and results in low back pain as well as pain or abnormal sensations in the legs.
• spinal tap -
  A procedure in which a needle is put into the lower part of the spinal column to collect cerebrospinal fluid or to give drugs. Also called a lumbar puncture.
• Spinal tumor
  Spinal tumors are neoplasms located in the spinal cord. They are mostly metastases from primary cancers elsewhere (commonly breast, prostate and ...
• spindle cell cancer -
  Cancer that arises in cells that appear spindle-shaped when viewed under a microscope. These cancers can occur in various places in the body, including the skin, lungs, kidney, breast, gastrointestinal tract, bone, and muscle.
• spindle cell sarcoma -
  A type of connective tissue cancer in which the cells are spindle-shaped when examined under a microscope.
• Spine
  Bookbinding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of separate sheets of paper or other material.
• Spinning
  Spinning is a form of exercise that involves using a stationary bicycle in a classroom setting. The spin-class concept was created in the 1980s by Jonathan Goldberg ("Johnny G"). It involves a combination of physical and mental ability, requiring you to use your imagination in each class as the scenery never changes. Participants set goals based around their heart rate, which can be measured by hand or using a heart rate monitor.
• Spinocerebellar Atrophy
  
• spiral CT scan -
  A detailed picture of areas inside the body. The pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine that scans the body in a spiral path. Also called helical computed tomography.
• Spirituality
  Spirituality, in a broad sense a concern with matters of the spirit, is a wide term with many available readings. It may include belief in supernatural powers, as in religion, but the emphasis is on personal experience.
• Spironolactone
  Spironolactone (marketed as Aldactone or Spiritone) is a synthetic 17-lactone steroid which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics, used primarily to treat low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn's syndrome. On its own, spironolactone is only a weak diuretic, but it can be combined with other diuretics. ...
• Spironolactone and Hydrochlorothiazide
  
• Spirulina
  Spirulina is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria (commonly called blue-green algae), with a coil-like shape. ITIS recognises 13 species.
• Spirulina fusiformis
  
• Spirulina maxima
  
• Spirulina platensis
  
• Spit Tobacco
  
• spleen -
  An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach.
• Spleen Diseases
  
• splenectomy - splen-EK-toe-mee
  An operation to remove the spleen.
• splenomegaly -
  Enlarged spleen.
• Spondylitis
  Inflammation of one or more vertebrae.
• Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type
  Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type is an inherited disorder of bone growth that results in short stature (dwarfism), characteristic skeletal abnormalities, and problems with vision. The name of the condition indicates that it affects the bones of the spine (spondylo-) and two regions near the ends of bones (epiphyses and metaphyses). The type was named after the first reported patient with the disorder. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI. The signs and symptoms of this condition at birth are very similar to those of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, a related skeletal disorder. Beginning in childhood, the two conditions can be distinguished in X-ray images by changes in areas near the ends of bones (metaphyses). These changes are characteristic of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type. People with this condition are short-statured from birth, with a very short trunk and shortened limbs. Their hands and feet, however, are usually average-sized. Curvature of the spine (scoliosis and lumbar lordosis) may be severe and can cause problems with breathing. Changes in the spinal bones (vertebrae) in the neck may also increase the risk of spinal cord damage. Other skeletal signs include flattened vertebrae (platyspondyly), severe protrusion of the breastbone (pectus carinatum), a hip joint deformity in which the upper leg bones turn inward (coxa vara), and a foot deformity known as clubfoot. Affected individuals have mild and variable changes in their facial features. The cheekbones close to the nose may appear flattened. Some infants are born with an opening in the roof of the mouth, which is called a cleft palate. Severe nearsightedness (high myopia) and detachment of the retina (the part of the eye that detects light and color) are also common.
• Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
  Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita is an inherited disorder of bone growth that results in short stature (dwarfism), characteristic skeletal abnormalities, and problems with vision and hearing. The name of the condition indicates that it affects the bones of the spine (spondylo-) and the ends of bones (epiphyses), and that it is present from birth (congenital). The signs and symptoms of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita are similar to, but milder than, the related skeletal disorders achondrogenesis, type II and hypochondroplasia. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI. People with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia are short-statured from birth, with a very short trunk and neck and shortened limbs. Their hands and feet, however, are usually average-sized. Adult height ranges from 3 feet to just over 4 feet. Curvature of the spine (kyphoscoliosis and lordosis) progresses during childhood and can cause problems with breathing. Changes in the spinal bones (vertebrae) in the neck may also increase the risk of spinal cord damage. Other skeletal signs include flattened vertebrae (platyspondyly), a hip joint deformity in which the upper leg bones turn inward (coxa vara), and an inward- and downward-turning foot (called clubfoot). Decreased joint mobility and arthritis often develop early in life. People with this condition have mild and variable changes in their facial features. The cheekbones close to the nose may appear flattened. Some infants are born with an opening in the roof of the mouth, which is called a cleft palate. Severe nearsightedness (high myopia) is common, as are other eye problems that can affect vision. About one-quarter of people with this condition have hearing loss.
• Spondylolisthesis
  Spondylolisthesis describes the anterior displacement of a vertebra or the vertebral column in relation to the vertebrae below. ...
• Spondyloperipheral dysplasia
  Spondyloperipheral dysplasia is a disorder of bone growth. The condition is characterized by flattened bones of the spine (platyspondyly) and unusually short fingers and toes (brachydactyly). Some affected individuals also have other skeletal abnormalities, short stature, nearsightedness (myopia), hearing loss, and mental retardation. Spondyloperipheral dysplasia is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI.
• Spontaneous pneumothorax
  In medicine (pulmonology), a pneumothorax is a potential medical emergency wherein air or gas is present in the pleural cavity. A pneumothorax can occur spontaneously. It can also occur as the result of disease or injury to the lung, or due to a puncture to the chest wall. ...
• Sporanox Injection
  
• Sporanox Oral Solution
  
• Sporotrichosis
  a lymphatic mycosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii (Hyphomycetes).
• Sport Supplements
  
• Sports
  In the context of plants, sport could refer to a naturally occuring genetic mutation or a bud sport
• Sports And Recreation
  
• Sports Fitness
  
• Sports Health
  
• Sports Injuries
  Sports injuries are injuries that are caused by participation in a sporting event.
• Sports Injury
  Some sports injuries are due to improper stretching while others are accidental injuries during the activity. In either case it is important to diagnose and treat such injuries quickly to prevent further aggravation or damage to the specific area. Doctors of Chiropractic have extensive training in the area of sports medicine and can diagnose and effectively treat sports related injuries. ...
• Sports Medicine
  Sports medicine or sport medicine is an interdisciplinary subspecialty of medicine which deals with the treatment and preventive care of athletes, both amateur and professional. The team includes specialty physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, other personnel, and, of course, the athlete.
• Sports Nutrition
  Nutrition geared toward the needs of people involved in sports.
• Sports Safety
  
• Sports Supplements
  
• Sprains
  
• Sprains and Strains
  
• Spraying Aircraft for Insects
  
• Spread (metastasis) of tumor to other organs
  
• Spread of the infection through the bloodstream to the lungs or the small intestine (rare)
  
• Spread of the parasite through the blood to the liver, lungs, brain, or other organs
  
• Sprue
  In foundry work, a "Sprue" is the passage through which metal is poured into a mold. The term can also refer to the excess metal on a rough casting, which solidified in the sprue hole.
• sputum - SPYOO-tum
  Mucus and other matter that is brought up from the lungs by coughing.
• sputum cytology -
  Examination under a microscope of lung cells found in sputum (mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs by coughing) to check for cancer.
• squalamine lactate -
  A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. It prevents the growth of new blood vessels into a solid tumor.
• squamous cell - SKWAY-mus
  Flat cell that looks like a fish scale under a microscope. These cells cover inside and outside surfaces of the body. They are found in the tissues that form the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body (such as the bladder, kidney, and uterus), and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
• squamous cell carcinoma - SKWAY-mus sel kar-sin-O-ma
  Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that look like fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Also called epidermoid carcinoma.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma, see Skin Cancer
  
• Squamous cell skin cancer
  In medicine, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a form of cancer of the carcinoma type that may occur in many different organs, including the skin ...
• squamous intraepithelial lesion - SKWAY-mus in-tra-eh-pih-THEEL-ee-ul LEE-zhun
  SIL. A general term for the abnormal growth of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix. The changes in the cells are described as low grade or high grade, depending on how much of the cervix is affected and how abnormal the cells appear.
• Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, Metastatic
  
• Squash
  Squash is an indoor racquet sport which was, until recently, called "Squash Rackets", a reference to the 'squashable' soft ball used in the game (compared with the harder ball used in its parent game Racquets or Rackets--see below).
• SR-29142 -
  A drug that may protect healthy tissue from the toxic effects of anticancer drugs.
• SR-45023A -
  An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called bisphosphonates. It affects cancer cell receptors governing cell growth and cell death.
• SR49059 -
  An anticancer drug that inhibits a hormone growth factor responsible for stimulating some cancer cells to multiply.
• Sri Lanka
  The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ශ්රී ලංකා in Sinhala / இலங்கை in Tamil) (known as Ceylon before 1972) is a tropical island nation off the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent.
• SSKI
  
• SSRI -
  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. A type of drug that is used to treat depression. SSRIs slow the process by which serotonin (a substance that nerves use to send messages to one another) is reused by nerve cells that make it. This increases the amount of serotonin available for stimulating other nerves.
• St. John's wort -
  Hypericum perforatum, an herbal product sold as an over-the-counter treatment for depression. It is being studied for its ability to lessen certain side effects of cancer treatment.
• St. Kitts and Nevis
  The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis is an island nation in the Caribbean.
• St. Louis Encephalitis
  St. Louis Encephalitis a disease caused by the mosquito borne St. Louis Encephalitis virus. St. Louis encephalitis virus is related to Japanese encephalitis virus. This disease mainly affects the United States, occasional cases have been reported from Canada and Mexico.
• St. Lucia
  Saint Lucia is an island nation in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and south of Martinique.
• St. VIncent and the Grenadines
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an independent sovereign state of the Caribbean, part of the Commonwealth of Nations.
• stable disease -
  Cancer that is neither decreasing nor increasing in extent or severity.
• Stacker 2
  
• Stadol Injection
  
• Stadol NS
  
• stag bush
  
• stage -
  The extent of a cancer within the body. If the cancer has spread, the stage describes how far it has spread from the original site to other parts of the body.
• stage 0 bladder cancer -
  Cancer is found on tissue lining the inside of the bladder only. Stage 0 is divided into stage 0a and stage 0is, depending on the type of the tumor. Stage 0a is also called papillary carcinoma, which may look like tiny mushrooms growing from the lining of the bladder. Stage 0is is also called carcinoma in situ, which is a flat tumor on the tissue lining the inside of the bladder.
• stage 0 cervical cancer -
  Cancer is found in the first layer of cells lining the cervix only and has not invaded the deeper tissues of the cervix. Also called carcinoma in situ.
• stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia -
  There are too many lymphocytes in the blood, but there are no other symptoms of leukemia. Stage 0 is indolent (slow-growing).
• stage 0 colorectal cancer -
  Cancer is found in the innermost lining of the colon and/or rectum only. Also called carcinoma in situ.
• stage 0 esophageal cancer -
  Cancer is found in the innermost layer of cells lining the esophagus. Also called carcinoma in situ.
• stage 0 gastric cancer -
  Cancer is found in the inside lining of the mucosal (innermost) layer of the stomach wall. Also called carcinoma in situ.
• stage 0 melanoma -
  Cancer is found in the epidermis (outer layer of the skin) only. Also called melanoma in situ.
• stage 0 nasopharyngeal cancer -
  Cancer is found in the lining of the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat behind the nose) only. Also called carcinoma in situ.
• stage 0 non-small cell lung cancer -
  Cancer is limited to the lung. It is found in a few layers of cells only, and has not grown through the top lining of the lung. Also called carcinoma in situ.
• stage 0 skin cancer -
  Cancer is found in the epidermis (topmost layer of the skin) only, in the layer of cells in which the cancer began. Also called carcinoma in situ.
• stage 0 testicular cancer -
  Abnormal cells are found only in the tiny tubules where the sperm cells begin to develop. The cells do not invade normal tissues; all tumor marker levels are normal. Sometimes called a precancerous condition. Also called carcinoma in situ.
• stage I adrenocortical cancer -
  Cancer that is smaller than 5 centimeters (smaller than 2 inches) and has not spread into tissues around the adrenal gland.
• stage I adult Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Stage I is divided into stage I and stage IE. In stage I, cancer is found in a single group of lymph nodes. In stage IE, cancer is found in one area or organ other than the lymph nodes.
• stage I adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Stage I is divided into stage I and stage IE. In stage I, cancer is found in a single lymph node area. In stage IE, cancer is found in an organ or tissue other than the lymph nodes.
• stage I adult primary liver cancer -
  One tumor is present, which is no larger than 2 centimeters.
• stage I anal cancer -
  Cancer that has spread beyond the top layer of anal tissue and is smaller than 2 centimeters (smaller than 1 inch).
• stage I bladder cancer -
  Cancer has spread to the connective tissue layer below the inner lining of the bladder.
• stage I breast cancer -
  The tumor is no larger than 2 centimeters and has not spread outside the breast.
• stage I cancer of the uterus -
  Cancer found in only the main part of the uterus, not the cervix.
• stage I cancer of the vulva -
  Cancer found in the vulva only or the space between the opening of the rectum and the vagina (perineum). The tumor is 2 centimeters (about 1 inch) or smaller.
• stage I cervical cancer -
  Cancer is found in the cervix only. Stage I is divided into stages IA and IB, based on the amount of cancer that is found. In stage IA, a very small amount of cancer that can only be seen with a microscope is found in the tissues of the cervix. The cancer is not deeper than 5 millimeters and not wider than 7 millimeters. In stage IB, the cancer is still within the cervix and either (1) can only be seen with a microscope and is deeper than 5 millimeters or wider than 7 millimeters; or (2) can be seen without a microscope and may be larger than 4 centimeters.
• stage I childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Cancer is found in a single area or lymph node outside of the abdomen or chest.
• stage I chronic lymphocytic leukemia -
  There are too many lymphocytes in the blood and the lymph nodes are larger than normal.
• stage I colorectal cancer -
  Cancer has spread beyond the innermost lining of the colon and/or rectum to the second and third layers and involves the inside wall of the colon and/or rectum, but it has not spread to the outer wall or outside the colon and/or rectum. Also called Dukes' A colorectal cancer.
• stage I cutaneous T-cell lymphoma -
  May be either of the following: (1) stage IA cancer affecting less than 10% of the skin's surface and appearing as red, dry, scaly patches; (2) stage IB cancer affecting 10% or more of the skin's surface and appearing as red, dry, scaly patches.
• stage I endometrial cancer -
  Cancer is found in the uterus only. Stage I is divided into stages IA, IB, and IC, based on how far the disease has spread from the endometrium into the muscles of the uterus.
• stage I esophageal cancer -
  Cancer has spread beyond the innermost layer of cells to the next layer of tissue in the wall of the esophagus.
• stage I gastric cancer -
  Stage I is divided into stage IA and stage IB, depending on where the cancer has spread. In stage IA, cancer has spread completely through the mucosal (innermost) layer of the stomach wall. In stage IB, cancer has spread completely through the mucosal (innermost) layer of the stomach wall and is found in up to 6 lymph nodes near the tumor, or has spread to the muscularis (middle) layer of the stomach wall.
• stage I hypopharynx cancer -
  Tumor that is confined to one area of the hypopharynx and is no larger than 2 centimeters (about 0.75 inch).
• stage I kidney cancer -
  A tumor that is 7 centimeters (2.75 inches) or smaller.
• stage I laryngeal cancer -
  Cancer that is only in the area where it started and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body. The exact definition of stage I depends on whether the cancer started in the supraglottis (cancer in only one area of the supraglottis, and the vocal cords can move normally); the glottis (cancer in only the vocal cords, and the vocal cords can move normally); or the subglottis (cancer that has not spread outside the subglottis).
• stage I lip and oral cavity cancer -
  Cancer that is no larger than 2 centimeters (about 1 inch) and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes.
• stage I melanoma -
  Stage I is divided into stages IA and IB. In stage IA, the tumor is not more than 1 millimeter thick, with no ulceration. The tumor is in the epidermis (outer layer of skin) and upper layer of the dermis (inner layer of skin). In stage IB, the tumor is either not more than 1 millimeter thick, with ulceration, and may have spread into the dermis or the tissue below the skin; or 1 to 2 millimeters thick, with no ulceration.
• stage I mesothelioma -
  Cancer found in the lining of the chest cavity near the lung and heart, in the diaphragm (the thin muscle below the lungs and heart that separates the chest from the abdomen), or in the lung.
• stage I multiple myeloma -
  Relatively few cancer cells have spread throughout the body. There may be no symptoms of disease.
• stage I nasopharyngeal cancer -
  Cancer is found in the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat behind the nose) only.
• stage I non-small cell lung cancer -
  Cancer is in the lung only. Stage I is divided into stages IA and IB based on the size or location of the tumor.
• stage I oropharynx cancer -
  Cancer that is no larger than 2 centimeters (about 0.75 inch) and is confined to the oropharynx.
• stage I ovarian cancer -
  Cancer is found in one or both of the ovaries and has not spread. Stage I is divided into stage IA, stage IB, and stage IC. In stage IA, cancer is found in a single ovary. In stage IB, cancer is found in both ovaries. In stage IC, cancer is found in one or both ovaries and one of the following is true: cancer is found on the outside surface of one or both ovaries; the capsule (outer covering) of the tumor has ruptured (broken open); or, cancer cells are found in fluid from the peritoneal cavity (the body cavity that contains most of the organs in the abdomen).
• stage I pancreatic cancer -
  Cancer is found in the pancreas only. Stage I is divided into stage IA and stage IB based on tumor size. In stage IA, the tumor is no larger than 2 centimeters and in stage IB, the tumor is larger than 2 centimeters.
• stage I prostate cancer -
  Cancer is found in the prostate only. It cannot be felt during a digital rectal exam and is not visible by imaging. It is usually found accidentally during surgery for other reasons, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (a condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue occurs). Also called stage A1 prostate cancer.
• stage I skin cancer -
  The tumor is no larger than 2 centimeters.
• stage I testicular cancer -
  Stage I is divided into stage IA, stage IB, and stage IS, and is determined after a radical inguinal orchiectomy (surgery to remove the testicle) is done. In stage IA, cancer is in the testicle and epididymis and may have spread to the inner layer of the membrane surrounding the testicle; all tumor marker levels are normal. In stage IB, the cancer is in the testicle and the epididymis and has spread to the blood or lymph vessels in the testicle; or has spread to the outer layer of the membrane surrounding the testicle; or is in the spermatic cord or the scrotum and may be in the blood or lymph vessels of the testicle; all tumor marker levels are normal. In stage IS, cancer is found anywhere within the testicle, spermatic cord, or the scrotum and either all tumor marker levels are slightly above normal; or one or more tumor marker levels are moderately above normal or high.
• stage I Wilms' tumor -
  Cancer that is found in the kidney only and can be completely removed by surgery.
• stage IA soft tissue sarcoma -
  Cancer in which the cells look very much like normal cells. The cancer is smaller than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) and has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
• stage IB soft tissue sarcoma -
  Cancer in which the cells look somewhat different from normal cells. The cancer is larger than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) and has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
• stage II adrenocortical cancer -
  Cancer that is larger than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) and has not spread into tissues around the adrenal gland.
• stage II adult Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Stage II is divided into stage II and stage IIE. In stage II, cancer is found in two or more lymph node groups on the same side of the diaphragm (the thin muscle below the lungs that helps breathing and separates the chest from the abdomen). In stage IIE, cancer is found in one area or organ other than the lymph nodes and in the lymph nodes near that area or organ, and may have spread to other lymph node groups on the same side of the diaphragm.
• stage II adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Stage II is divided into stage II and stage IIE. In stage II, cancer is found in two or more lymph node areas on the same side of the diaphragm. In stage IIE, cancer is found in an organ or tissue other than the lymph nodes and may have spread to one or more lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm.
• stage II adult primary liver cancer -
  One of the following is found: (1) one tumor, which is no larger than 2 centimeters and has spread into nearby blood vessels; or (2) more than one tumor, none of which is larger than 2 centimeters and all are in just one lobe of the liver; or (3) one tumor, which is larger than 2 centimeters.
• stage II anal cancer -
  Cancer that has spread beyond the top layer of anal tissue and is larger than 2 centimeters (about 1 inch) but has not spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes.
• stage II bladder cancer -
  Cancer has spread to either the inner layer or outer layer of the muscle wall of the bladder.
• stage II breast cancer -
  Stage II is divided into stage IIA and stage IIB based on tumor size and whether it has spread to the axillary lymph nodes (the lymph nodes under the arm). In stage IIA, the cancer is either no larger than 2 centimeters and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes, or between 2 and 5 centimeters but has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes. In stage IIB, the cancer is either between 2 and 5 centimeters and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes, or larger than 5 centimeters but has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
• stage II cancer of the uterus -
  Cancer that has spread to the cervix.
• stage II cancer of the vulva -
  Cancer that is found in the vulva, the space between the opening of the rectum and the vagina (perineum), or both. The tumor is larger than 2 centimeters (larger than 1 inch).
• stage II cervical cancer -
  Cancer has spread beyond the cervix but not to the pelvic wall (the tissues that line the part of the body between the hips). Stage II is divided into stages IIA and IIB, based on how far the cancer has spread. In stage IIA, cancer has spread to the upper two thirds of the vagina but not to tissues around the uterus. In stage IIB, cancer has spread to the upper two thirds of the vagina and to the tissues around the uterus.
• stage II childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Cancer is found (1) in only one area and in the lymph nodes around it; or (2) in two or more areas or lymph nodes on one side of the diaphragm (the thin muscle under the lungs that divides the chest and abdominal cavity and helps with breathing); or (3) to have started in the stomach or intestines and has been completely removed by surgery, and lymph nodes in the area may or may not contain cancer.
• stage II chronic lymphocytic leukemia -
  There are too many lymphocytes in the blood, the liver or spleen is larger than normal, and the lymph nodes may be larger than normal.
• stage II colorectal cancer -
  Cancer has spread outside the colon and/or rectum to nearby tissue, but it has not gone into the lymph nodes. Also called Dukes' B colorectal cancer.
• stage II cutaneous T-cell lymphoma -
  Stage II cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may be either of the following: (1) stage IIA, in which the skin has red, dry, scaly patches but no tumors, and lymph nodes are enlarged but do not contain cancer cells; (2) stage IIB, in which tumors are found on the skin, and lymph nodes are enlarged but do not contain cancer cells.
• stage II endometrial cancer -
  Cancer has spread from the uterus to the cervix, but not beyond the cervix. Stage II is divided into stages IIA and IIB, based on how far the disease has spread into the cervix.
• stage II esophageal cancer -
  Stage II is divided into stage IIA and stage IIB, depending on where the cancer has spread. In stage IIA, cancer has spread to the layer of esophageal muscle or to the outer wall of the esophagus. In stage IIB, cancer may have spread to any of the first three layers of the esophagus and to nearby lymph nodes.
• stage II gastric cancer -
  Cancer has spread (1) completely through the mucosal (innermost) layer of the stomach wall and is found in 7 to 15 lymph nodes near the tumor, or (2) to the muscularis (middle) layer of the stomach wall and is found in up to 6 lymph nodes near the tumor, or (3) to the serosal (outermost) layer of the stomach wall but not to lymph nodes or other organs.
• stage II hypopharynx cancer -
  Cancer that involves more than one area of the hypopharynx or is between 2 and 4 centimeters (between 0.75 and 1.5 inches).
• stage II kidney cancer -
  Tumor that is larger than 7 centimeters (2.75 inches).
• stage II laryngeal cancer -
  Cancer that is found in the larynx only and has not spread to lymph nodes in the area or to other parts of the body. The exact definition of stage II depends on whether the cancer started in the supraglottis (cancer is in more than one area of the supraglottis, but the vocal cords can move normally); the glottis (cancer has spread to the supraglottis, the subglottis, or both, and the vocal cords may not be able to move normally); or the subglottis (cancer has spread to the vocal cords, which may not be able to move normally).
• stage II lip and oral cavity cancer -
  Cancer that is larger than 2 centimeters (about 1 inch) but smaller than 4 centimeters (about 2 inches) and has not spread to lymph nodes in the area.
• stage II melanoma -
  Stage II is divided into stages IIA, IIB, and IIC. In stage IIA, the tumor is either 1 to 2 millimeters thick, with ulceration; or 2 to 4 millimeters thick, with no ulceration. In stage IIB, the tumor is either 2 to 4 millimeters thick, with ulceration; or more than 4 millimeters thick, with no ulceration. In stage IIC, the tumor is more than 4 millimeters thick, with ulceration.
• stage II mesothelioma -
  Cancer that has spread beyond the lining of the chest to lymph nodes in the chest.
• stage II multiple myeloma -
  Cancer in which a moderate number of cancer cells have spread throughout the body.
• stage II nasopharyngeal cancer -
  Stage II is divided into stage IIA and stage IIB. In stage IIA, cancer has spread from the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat behind the nose) to the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat that includes the soft palate, the base of the tongue, and the tonsils), and/or to the nasal cavity. In stage IIB, cancer is found in the nasopharynx and has spread to lymph nodes on one side of the neck, or has spread to the area surrounding the nasopharynx and may have spread to lymph nodes on one side of the neck.
• stage II non-small cell lung cancer -
  Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or to the chest wall, the diaphragm, the mediastinal pleura (the thin membrane that covers the outside of the lungs in the area near the heart), or the parietal pericardium (the outer layer of tissue that surrounds the heart). Stage II is divided into stage IIA and stage IIB based on the size of the tumor and whether it has spread to the lymph nodes.
• stage II oropharynx cancer -
  Tumor that is between 2 and 4 centimeters (0.75 and 1.5 inches) and is confined to the oropharynx.
• stage II ovarian cancer -
  Cancer is found in one or both ovaries and has spread into other areas of the pelvis. Stage II is divided into stage IIA, stage IIB, and stage IIC. In stage IIA, cancer has spread to the uterus and/or the fallopian tubes. In stage IIB, cancer has spread to other tissues within the pelvis. In stage IIC, cancer has spread to the uterus and/or fallopian tubes and/or other tissue within the pelvis and cancer cells are found in fluid from the peritoneal cavity (the body cavity that contains most of the organs in the abdomen).
• stage II pancreatic cancer -
  Stage II is divided into stage IIA and stage IIB based on where the cancer has spread. In stage IIA, cancer has spread to nearby tissues and organs but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes. In stage IIB, cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and may have spread to nearby tissues and organs.
• stage II prostate cancer -
  Cancer is more advanced than in stage I, but has not spread outside the prostate. Also called stage A2, stage B1, or stage B2 prostate cancer.
• stage II skin cancer -
  The tumor is larger than 2 centimeters.
• stage II testicular cancer -
  Stage II is divided into stage IIA, stage IIB, and stage IIC, and is determined after a radical inguinal orchiectomy (surgery to remove the testicle) is done. In stage IIA, the cancer is anywhere within the testicle, spermatic cord, or scrotum; and has spread to up to 5 lymph nodes in the abdomen (none larger than 2 centimeters). In stage IIB, the cancer is anywhere within the testicle, spermatic cord, or scrotum; has spread to up to 5 lymph nodes in the abdomen (at least one of the lymph nodes is larger than 2 centimeters, but none is larger than 5 centimeters) or has spread to more than 5 lymph nodes (the lymph nodes are not larger than 5 centimeters). In stage IIC, the cancer is anywhere within the testicle, spermatic cord, or scrotum; and has spread to a lymph node in the abdomen that is larger than 5 centimeters. All tumor marker levels are normal or slightly above normal.
• stage II Wilms' tumor -
  Cancer has spread to tissue near the kidney, to blood vessels, or to the renal sinus (a part of the kidney through which blood and fluid enter and exit). The cancer can be completely removed by surgery.
• stage IIA soft tissue sarcoma -
  The cancer cells look somewhat different from normal cells. The cancer is larger than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) and has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
• stage IIB melanoma -
  Melanoma in which the tumor is more than 4 millimeters thick. It has spread through the lower part of the inner layer of skin (dermis) and into subcutaneous (under the skin) tissue, but not to nearby lymph nodes.
• stage IIB soft tissue sarcoma -
  The cancer cells look very different from normal cells. The cancer is smaller than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) and has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
• stage IIC soft tissue sarcoma -
  The cancer cells look very different from normal cells. The cancer is larger than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) and has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
• stage III adrenocortical cancer -
  The cancer has spread into tissues around the adrenal gland or has spread to the lymph nodes around the adrenal gland.
• stage III adult Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Stage III is divided into stage III, stage IIIE, stage IIIS, and stage IIIS+E. In stage III, cancer is found in lymph node groups on both sides of the diaphragm (the thin muscle below the lungs that helps breathing and separates the chest from the abdomen). In stage IIIE, cancer is found in lymph node groups on both sides of the diaphragm and in a nearby area or organ other than the lymph nodes. In stage IIIS, cancer is found in lymph node groups on both sides of the diaphragm and in the spleen. In stage IIIE+S, cancer is found in lymph node groups on both sides of the diaphragm, in a nearby area or organ, and in the spleen. Stage III is also divided into stage III(1) and stage III(2). In stage III(1), cancer is limited to the upper abdomen above the renal vein. In stage III(2), cancer is found in lymph nodes in the pelvis and/or near the heart.
• stage III adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Stage III is divided into stage III, stage IIIE, stage IIIS, and stage IIIS+E. In stage III, cancer is found in lymph node areas on both sides of the diaphragm. In stage IIIE, cancer is found in lymph node areas on both sides of the diaphragm and in a nearby organ or tissue other than the lymph nodes. In stage IIIS, cancer is found in lymph node areas on both sides of the diaphragm and in the spleen. In stage IIIS+E, cancer is found in lymph node areas on both sides of the diaphragm, in a nearby organ or tissue, and in the spleen.
• stage III anal cancer -
  Stage III anal cancer is divided into stage IIIA and IIIB. Stage IIIA anal cancer has spread to the lymph nodes around the rectum or to nearby organs such as the vagina or bladder. Stager IIIB cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the middle of the abdomen or in the groin, or the cancer has spread to both nearby organs and the lymph nodes around the rectum.
• stage III bladder cancer -
  Cancer has spread from the bladder to the fatty layer of tissue surrounding it, and may have spread to the reproductive organs (prostate, uterus, vagina).
• stage III breast cancer -
  Stage III is divided into stages IIIA and IIIB. In stage IIIA breast cancer, the cancer (1) is smaller than 5 centimeters (2 inches) and has spread to the lymph nodes in the armpit, which have grown into each other or into other structures and are attached to them; or (2) is larger than 5 centimeters and has spread to the lymph nodes in the armpit. In stage IIIB breast cancer, the cancer (1) has spread to tissues near the breast (skin, chest wall, including the ribs and the muscles in the chest); or (2) has spread to lymph nodes inside the chest wall along the breast bone.
• stage III cancer of the uterus -
  Cancer cells have spread outside the uterus to the vagina and/or lymph nodes in the pelvis but have not spread outside the pelvis.
• stage III cancer of the vulva -
  Cancer is found in the vulva, perineum, or both. The cancer has also spread to nearby tissues such as the lower part of the urethra (the tube through which urine passes), the vagina, and the anus (the opening of the rectum); to nearby lymph nodes; or both.
• stage III cervical cancer -
  Cancer has spread to the lower third of the vagina and may have spread to the pelvic wall (the tissues that line the part of the body between the hips), and nearby lymph nodes. Stage III is divided into stages IIIA and IIIB, based on now far the cancer has spread. In stage IIIA, cancer has spread to the lower third of the vagina but not to the pelvic wall. In stage IIIB, cancer has spread to the pelvic wall and/or the tumor has become large enough to block the ureters (the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder). This blockage can cause the kidneys to enlarge or stop working. Cancer may also have spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis.
• stage III childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Cancer is found (1) in areas or lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm (the thin muscle under the lungs that divides the chest and abdominal cavity and helps with breathing); or (2) to have started in the chest; or (3) in more than one place in the abdomen; or (4) in the area around the spine.
• stage III chronic lymphocytic leukemia -
  There are too many lymphocytes in the blood and there are too few red blood cells. The lymph nodes, liver, or spleen may be larger than normal.
• stage III colorectal cancer -
  Tumor cells have spread to organs and lymph nodes near the colon/rectum. Also called Dukes C colorectal cancer.
• stage III cutaneous T-cell lymphoma -
  Nearly all of the skin is red, dry, and scaly; lymph nodes are either normal or enlarged but do not contain cancer cells.
• stage III endometrial cancer -
  Cancer has spread beyond the uterus and cervix, but has not spread beyond the pelvis. Stage III is divided into stages IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, based on whether cancer has spread to the connective tissue holding the uterus in place, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, and lymph nodes in the pelvis.
• stage III esophageal cancer -
  Cancer has spread to the outer wall of the esophagus and may have spread to tissues or lymph nodes near the esophagus.
• stage III gastric cancer -
  Stage III is divided into stage IIIA and stage IIIB depending on where the cancer has spread. In stage IIIA, cancer has spread to (1) the muscularis (middle) layer of the stomach wall and is found in 7 to 15 lymph nodes near the tumor, or (2) the serosal (outermost) layer of the stomach wall and is found in 1 to 6 lymph nodes near the tumor, or (3) to organs next to the stomach but not to lymph nodes or other parts of the body. In stage IIIB, cancer has spread to the serosal (outermost) layer of the stomach wall and is found in 7 to 15 lymph nodes near the tumor.
• stage III hypopharynx cancer -
  The tumor is larger than 4 centimeters (about 1.5 inches) in size, has spread to a single lymph node on the same side of the neck, or both.
• stage III kidney cancer -
  Cancer has spread to a single nearby lymph node, and/or the layer of tissue around the kidney, and/or the main blood vessels in the kidney, and/or an adrenal gland. Also called stage III renal cell cancer.
• stage III laryngeal cancer -
  The cancer has not spread outside of the larynx, but the vocal cords cannot move normally, or the cancer has spread to tissues next to the larynx; or the cancer has spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor, and the lymph node measures no larger than 3 centimeters (just over 1 inch).
• stage III lip and oral cavity cancer -
  The cancer is larger than 4 centimeters (about 2 inches); or the cancer is any size but has spread to only one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the cancer. The lymph node that contains cancer is no larger than 3 centimeters (just over one inch).
• stage III melanoma -
  The tumor may be of any thickness, with or without ulceration, and may have spread to 1 or more nearby lymph nodes. Stage III is divided into stages IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC. In stage IIIA, the cancer may have spread to as many as 3 nearby lymph nodes, but can be seen only with a microscope. In stage IIIB, the cancer has spread to as many as 3 lymph nodes and may not be visible without a microscope, or has satellite tumors (additional tumor growths within 1 inch of the original tumor) and has not spread to lymph nodes. In stage IIIC, the cancer either has spread to as many as 4 or more lymph nodes and can be seen without a microscope, or has lymph nodes that may not be moveable, or has satellite tumors and may have spread to lymph nodes.
• stage III mesothelioma -
  Cancer has spread into the lung, chest wall, diaphragm (the muscle between the chest and the abdomen), the sac surrounding the heart, or the ribs. It may also have spread to other organs or tissues in the chest.
• stage III multiple myeloma -
  A relatively large number of cancer cells have spread throughout the body. There may be one or more of the following: 1) a decrease in the number of red blood cells, causing anemia; 2) the amount of calcium in the blood is very high, because the bones are being damaged; 3) more than three bone tumors (plasmacytomas) are found; or 4) high levels of M protein are found in the blood or urine.
• stage III nasopharyngeal cancer -
  Cancer is found in the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat behind the nose) and has spread to lymph nodes on both sides of the neck; and/or cancer has spread to the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat that includes the soft palate, the base of the tongue, and the tonsils) and/or the nasal cavity and to lymph nodes on both sides of the neck; and/or cancer has spread to nearby bones or sinuses, with or without spreading to lymph nodes on one or both sides of the neck.
• stage III non-small cell lung cancer -
  Cancer has spread to structures near the lung; to the lymph nodes in the area that separates the two lungs (mediastinum); or to the lymph nodes on the other side of the chest or in the lower neck. Stage III is further divided into stage IIIA (usually can be resected which is sometimes treated with surgery) and stage IIIB (usually cannot be resected which is rarely treated with surgery).
• stage III oropharynx cancer -
  The tumor is larger than 4 centimeters (about 1.5 inches) in size and may involve a single lymph node on the same side of the neck.
• stage III ovarian cancer -
  Cancer is found in one or both ovaries and has spread to other parts of the abdomen. Stage III is divided into stage IIIA, stage IIIB, and stage IIIC. In stage IIIA, the tumor is found in the pelvis only, but cancer cells have spread to the surface of the peritoneum. In stage IIIB, cancer has spread to the peritoneum but is not larger than 2 centimeters in diameter. In stage IIIC, cancer has spread to the peritoneum and is larger than 2 centimeters in diameter and/or has spread to lymph nodes in the abdomen. Cancer that has spread to the surface of the liver is also considered stage III disease.
• stage III pancreatic cancer -
  Cancer has spread to the major blood vessels near the pancreas, and may have spread to nearby lymph nodes.
• stage III prostate cancer -
  Cancer has spread beyond the outer layer of the prostate to nearby tissues and may be found in the seminal vesicles (glands that help produce semen). Also called stage C prostate cancer.
• stage III skin cancer -
  Cancer has spread below the skin to cartilage, muscle, or bone and/or to nearby lymph nodes, but not to other parts of the body.
• stage III soft tissue sarcoma -
  The cancer cells look very different from normal cells. The cancer is larger than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) but has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
• stage III testicular cancer -
  Stage III is divided into stage IIIA, stage IIIB, and stage IIIC, and is determined after a radical inguinal orchiectomy (surgery to remove the testicle) is done. In stage IIIA, the cancer is anywhere within the testicle, spermatic cord, or scrotum; may have spread to one or more lymph nodes in the abdomen; and has spread to distant lymph nodes or to the lungs. In stage IIIB, the cancer is anywhere within the testicle, spermatic cord, or scrotum; and may have spread to one or more nearby or distant lymph nodes or to the lungs. In stage IIIC, the cancer is anywhere within the testicle, spermatic cord, or scrotum; and may have spread to one or more nearby or distant lymph nodes or to the lungs or anywhere else in the body. The level of one or more tumor markers may range from normal to very high.
• stage III Wilms' tumor -
  Cancer has spread to tissues near the kidney and cannot be completely removed by surgery. The cancer may have spread to blood vessels or organs near the kidney or throughout the abdomen. The cancer may also have spread to lymph nodes near the kidney.
• stage IIIA adult primary liver cancer -
  Stage III is divided into stage IIIA and IIIB. In stage IIIA, one of the following is found: (1) one tumor, which is larger than 2 centimeters and has spread to nearby blood vessels; or (2) more than one tumor, none of which is larger than 2 centimeters and all are in just one lobe of the liver and have spread to nearby blood vessels; or (3) more than one tumor, at least one of which is larger than 2 centimeters, and all are in just one lobe of the liver and may have spread to nearby blood vessels.
• stage IIIA anal cancer -
  Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes around the rectum or to nearby organs such as the vagina or bladder.
• stage IIIA breast cancer -
  The tumor is either smaller than 5 centimeters and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes (the lymph nodes under the arm), and the lymph nodes are attached to each other or to other structures, or the tumor is larger than 5 centimeters and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes, and the lymph nodes may be attached to each other or to other structures.
• stage IIIB adult primary liver cancer -
  Stage III is divided into stage IIIA and IIIB. In stage IIIB, the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and one of the following is found: (1) one tumor, which may be larger than 2 centimeters; or (2) one tumor, which may be larger than 2 centimeters and has spread to nearby blood vessels; or (3) more than one tumor, none of which is larger than 2 centimeters and all are in just one lobe of the liver; or (4) more than one tumor, none of which is larger than 2 centimeters and all are in just one lobe of the liver and have spread to nearby blood vessels; or (5) more than one tumor, at least one of which is larger than 2 centimeters, and all are in just one lobe of the liver and may have spread to nearby blood vessels.
• stage IIIB anal cancer -
  Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the middle of the abdomen or in the groin, or the cancer has spread to both nearby organs and the lymph nodes around the rectum.
• stage IIIB breast cancer -
  The tumor may be any size, has spread to the tissues near the breast (the skin or chest wall, including the ribs and muscles in the chest), and may have spread to lymph nodes within the breast or under the arm.
• stage IIIC breast cancer -
  Cancer has spread to lymph nodes beneath the collar bone and near the neck, and may have spread to tissues near the breast (the skin or chest wall, including the ribs and muscles in the chest) and to lymph nodes within the breast or under the arm.
• stage IV adrenocortical cancer -
  The cancer has spread to tissues or organs in the area and to lymph nodes around the adrenal cortex, or the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• stage IV adult Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  The cancer is found in at least one organ other than the lymph nodes and may be in the lymph nodes near the organ(s); or the cancer is found in one organ other than the lymph nodes and has spread to lymph nodes far away from the organ.
• stage IV adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  The cancer either (1) is found in at least one organ or tissue other than the lymph nodes and may be in nearby lymph nodes; or (2) has spread to one organ other than the lymph nodes and has spread to lymph nodes far away from that organ.
• stage IV adult primary liver cancer -
  Stage IV is divided into stage IVA and IVB. In stage IVA, there is more than one tumor, which may have spread to nearby lymph nodes, and the tumors (1) are in both lobes of the liver; or (2) are affecting a major branch of blood vessels in the liver; or (3) have spread to nearby organs (besides the gallbladder); or (4) have broken through the lining of the peritoneal cavity. In stage IVB, the cancer has spread beyond the liver to other places in the body. The tumors may be of any size and may have also spread to nearby blood vessels and lymph nodes.
• stage IV anal cancer -
  Cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes within the abdomen or to organs in other parts of the body.
• stage IV bladder cancer -
  Cancer has spread from the bladder to the wall of the abdomen or pelvis. Cancer may have spread to one or more lymph nodes or to other parts of the body.
• stage IV breast cancer -
  Cancer has spread to other organs of the body, most often the bones, lungs, liver, or brain; or tumor has spread locally to the skin and lymph nodes inside the neck, near the collarbone.
• stage IV cancer of the uterus -
  Cancer cells have spread to the lining of the bladder or rectum or to distant parts of the body.
• stage IV cancer of the vulva -
  Cancer has spread beyond the urethra, vagina, and anus into the lining of the bladder (the sac that holds urine) and the bowel (intestine); or it may have spread to the lymph nodes in the pelvis or to other parts of the body.
• stage IV cervical cancer -
  Cancer has spread to the bladder, rectum, or other parts of the body. Stage IV is divided into stages IVA and IVB. In stage IVA, cancer has spread to the bladder or rectal wall and may have spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis. In stage IVB, cancer has spread beyond the pelvis and pelvic lymph nodes to other places in the body, such as the abdomen, liver, intestinal tract, or lungs.
• stage IV childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  Cancer is found in the bone marrow, brain, or spinal cord. Cancer may also be found in other parts of the body.
• stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia -
  There are too many lymphocytes in the blood and too few platelets. The lymph nodes, liver, or spleen may be larger than normal and there may be too few red blood cells.
• stage IV colorectal cancer -
  Cancer may have spread to nearby lymph nodes and has spread to other parts of the body, such as the liver or lungs. Also called Dukes' D colorectal cancer.
• stage IV cutaneous T-cell lymphoma -
  Stage IV cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may be either of the following: in stage IVA cancer, the skin is red, dry, and scaly, and the lymph nodes contain cancer cells; in stage IVB cancer, the skin is red, dry and scaly, cancer cells may be found in lymph nodes, and cancer has spread to other organs in the body.
• stage IV endometrial cancer -
  Cancer has spread beyond the pelvis. Stage IV is divided into stages IVA and IVB, based on whether cancer has spread to the lining of the bladder (the sac that holds urine), to the bowel, or to lymph nodes or other parts of the body beyond the pelvis.
• stage IV esophageal cancer -
  Stage IV esophageal cancer is divided into stage IVA and stage IVB, depending on where the cancer has spread. In stage IVA, cancer has spread to nearby or distant lymph nodes. In stage IVB, cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes and/or organs in other parts of the body.
• stage IV gastric cancer -
  Cancer has spread (1) to organs next to the stomach and to at least one lymph node, or (2) to more than 15 lymph nodes, or (3) to other parts of the body.
• stage IV hypopharynx cancer -
  The tumor has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes of the neck and may have spread to other parts of the body.
• stage IV kidney cancer -
  Cancer has spread beyond the kidney to 1 or more nearby lymph nodes and/or to other organs. Also called stage IV renal cell cancer.
• stage IV laryngeal cancer -
  The cancer has spread to tissues around the larynx, such as the pharynx or the tissues in the neck. The lymph nodes in the area may contain cancer; the cancer has spread to more than one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the cancer, to lymph nodes on one or both sides of the neck, or to any lymph node that measures more than 6 centimeters (over 2 inches); or the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• stage IV lip and oral cavity cancer -
  The cancer has spread to tissues around the lip and oral cavity (the lymph nodes in the area may contain cancer); the cancer is any size and has spread to more than one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the cancer, to lymph nodes on one or both sides of the neck, or to any lymph node that is larger than 6 centimeters (larger than 2 inches); or the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• stage IV melanoma -
  The tumor has spread to other organs or to lymph nodes far away from the original tumor.
• stage IV mesothelioma -
  Cancer has spread to distant organs or tissues.
• stage IV nasopharyngeal cancer -
  Stage IV is divided into stage IVA, stage IVB, and stage IVC. In stage IVA, cancer has spread to other areas in the head and may have spread to lymph nodes on one or both sides of the neck, and the involved lymph nodes are smaller than 6 centimeters. In stage IVB, cancer has spread to lymph nodes above the collarbone and/or the involved lymph nodes are larger than 6 centimeters. In stage IVC, cancer has spread beyond nearby lymph nodes to other parts of the body.
• stage IV non-small cell lung cancer -
  Cancer has spread to other parts of the body or to another lobe of the lungs.
• stage IV oropharynx cancer -
  The tumor has spread to the hard palate, tongue, or larynx, to nearby lymph nodes, and may have spread to other parts of the body.
• stage IV ovarian cancer -
  Cancer is found in one or both ovaries and has metastasized (spread) beyond the abdomen to other parts of the body. Cancer that is found in tissues of the liver is considered stage IV disease.
• stage IV pancreatic cancer -
  Cancer may be of any size and has spread to distant organs, such as the liver, lung, and peritoneal cavity (the body cavity that contains most of the organs in the abdomen), and may have also spread to organs and tissues near the pancreas or to lymph nodes.
• stage IV prostate cancer -
  Cancer has metastasized (spread) to lymph nodes near or far from the prostate, or to other parts of the body, such as the bladder, rectum, bones, liver, or lungs. Metastatic prostate cancer often spreads to the bones. Also called stage D1 or stage D2 prostate cancer.
• stage IV skin cancer -
  Cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• stage IV soft tissue sarcoma -
  The cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the area or other parts of the body (such as the lungs, head, or neck).
• stage IV Wilms' tumor -
  Cancer has spread to organs further away from the kidney (such as the lungs, liver, bone, and brain).
• stage IVA pancreatic cancer -
  Cancer has spread to organs that are near the pancreas (such as the stomach, spleen, or colon) but has not spread to distant organs (such as the liver or lungs).
• stage IVB pancreatic cancer -
  Cancer of the pancreas in which the cancer has spread to distant organs (such as the liver or lungs).
• stage V Wilms' tumor -
  Cancer cells are found in both kidneys.
• staging - STAY-jing
  Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. It is important to know the stage of the disease in order to plan the best treatment.
• Stalevo
  
• Stammering
  Stuttering (commonly known as stammering in the UK and scientifically known as dysphemia) is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is frequently disrupted by repetitions (sounds, syllables, words or phrases), pauses and prolongations that differ both in frequency and severity from those of normally fluent individuals. ...
• Stan-Gard Gel
  
• standard of care -
  In medicine, treatment that experts agree is appropriate, accepted, and widely used. Health care providers are obligated to provide patients with the standard of care. Also called standard therapy or best practice.
• standard therapy -
  In medicine, treatment that experts agree is appropriate, accepted, and widely used. Health care providers are obligated to provide patients with standard therapy. Also called standard of care or best practice.
• Stannous Fluoride
  a white powder that is used to fluoridate toothpaste
• Stanol
  
• Staph aureus food poisoning
  
• Staph Wound Infect.
  
• Staphylococcal Infections
  Staphylococcal Enteritis is a form of food poisoning caused by one of a variety of Staphylococcus bacteria. The illness is not necessarily the result of active infection, but can be the result of toxins that may have been left in the food due to improper handling prior to its consumption. Symptoms of infection include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, fever, chills, weakness, and dizziness.
• Staphylococcal Infections: Information Resources
  
• Staphylococcus aureus Infection
  
• STARI
  
• Starweed
  
• Starwort
  stitchwort: low-growing north temperate herb having small white star-shaped flowers; named for its alleged ability to ease sharp pains in the side
• State and Local Integrated Telephone Survey
  
• State Health Department
  
• State Health Profiles
  
• State Preparedness
  
• Statistical Analysis Battery for Epidemiological Research
  
• Statistical Export and Tabulation System
  
• statistically significant -
  Describes a mathematical measure of difference between groups. The difference is said to be statistically significant if it is greater than what might be expected to happen by chance alone.
• Statistics
  Statistics is the science and practice of developing knowledge through the use of empirical data expressed in quantitative form. It is based on statistical theory which is a branch of applied mathematics. Within statistical theory, randomness and uncertainty are modelled by probability theory. Because one aim of statistics is to produce the "best" information from available data, some authors consider statistics a branch of decision theory. ...
• Statistics and Human Communication
  
• Statistics/demographics
  
• staurosporine -
  A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkaloids. It is being studied in the treatment of cancer.
• stavudine -
  A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called nucleoside analogs. It is used to treat infection caused by viruses.
• Stavudine Oral Solution
  
• Staying Healthy
  
• Staying Motivated
  
• STD Prevention
  
• Stds
  Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), are diseases that are commonly transmitted between partners through some form of sexual activity, most commonly vaginal intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex. They were commonly known as venereal diseases (VD) until some time around 1990, when public health officials introduced the new term in an effort to improve the clarity of their warnings to the public.
• STDs and Pregnancy
  
• Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome
  
• Stein-Leventhal syndrome
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, also known clinically as Stein-Leventhal syndrome), is an endocrine disorder that affects 5–10% of women. It occurs amongst all races and nationalities, is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age, and is a leading cause of infertility. The symptoms and severity of the syndrome vary greatly between women.
• Stelazine
  Trifluoperazine (Eskazinyl®, Eskazine®, Jatroneural®, Modalina®, Stelazine®, Terfluzine®) is a typical antipsychotic drug of the phenothiazine group. It is primarily used to treat schizophrenia®.
• Stelazine Injection
  
• stellate -
  Star shaped.
• stem cell -
  A cell from which other types of cells can develop.
• stem cell factor -
  A drug that is being studied for its ability to increase the number of stem cells in the blood.
• Stem Cell Research
  Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which have the unique potential to produce any kind of cell in the body and self-renewal capacity. Medical researchers believe stem cells have the potential to change the face of human disease by being used to repair specific tissues or to grow organs.
• stem cell transplantation -
  A method of replacing immature blood-forming cells that were destroyed by cancer treatment. The stem cells are given to the person after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells.
• Stem Cells and Stem Cell Transplantation
  
• Stem Cells/Stem Cell Transplantation
  
• Stenosing tenosynovitis
  Stenosing tenosynovitis is the progessive restriction of the sheath surrounding a tendon, causing inflammation (tenosynovitis).
• Stenosis
  A stenosis is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.
• Stenosis, Spinal
  
• stent -
  A device placed in a body structure (such as a blood vessel or the gastrointestinal tract) to provide support and keep the structure open.
• Stents
  In medicine, a stent is an expandable wire mesh tube that is inserted into a hollow structure of the body to keep it open.
• Step Aerobics
  Rhythmic aerobic sessions performed with a small platform used to step up and down.
• Step Diet Diet
  
• Stepfamilies
  A stepfamily is the family one acquires when a parent marries someone new. As a Result it has often been said, "Step Families are born out of Loss".
• Steps to a HealthierUS
  
• stereotactic biopsy - STAIR-ee-o-TAK-tik BY-op-see
  A biopsy procedure that uses a computer and a three-dimensional scanning device to find a tumor site and guide the removal of tissue for examination under a microscope.
• stereotactic body radiation therapy -
  A radiation therapy technique that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely deliver a large radiation dose to a tumor and not to normal tissue.
• stereotactic external-beam radiation -
  A radiation therapy technique for brain tumors that uses a rigid head frame attached to the skull. The frame is used to help aim high-dose radiation beams directly at the tumors and not at normal brain tissue. This procedure does not involve surgery. Also called stereotactic radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and stereotaxic radiosurgery.
• stereotactic injection -
  A procedure in which a computer and a 3-dimensional scanning device are used to inject anticancer drugs directly into a tumor.
• stereotactic radiation therapy - STAIR-ee-o-TAK-tik ray-dee-AY-shun
  A radiation therapy technique for brain tumors that uses a rigid head frame that is attached to the skull. The frame is used to help aim high-dose radiation beams directly at the tumors and not at normal brain tissue. This procedure does not involve surgery. Also called stereotactic external-beam radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, and stereotaxic radiosurgery.
• stereotactic radiosurgery - STAIR-ee-o-TAK-tik...
  A radiation therapy technique for brain tumors that uses a rigid head frame that is attached to the skull. The frame is used to help aim high-dose radiation beams directly at the tumors and not at normal brain tissue. This procedure does not involve surgery. Also called stereotactic external-beam radiation, stereotactic radiation therapy, and stereotaxic radiosurgery.
• stereotaxic radiosurgery -
  A radiation therapy technique for brain tumors that uses a rigid head frame that is attached to the skull. The frame is used to help aim high-dose radiation beams directly at the tumors and not at normal brain tissue. This procedure does not involve surgery. Also called stereotactic external-beam radiation, stereotactic radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery.
• stereotaxis - stair-ee-o-TAK-sis
  Use of a computer and scanning devices to create three-dimensional pictures. This method can be used to direct a biopsy, external radiation, or the insertion of radiation implants.
• sterile -
  Unable to produce children.
• Sterility
  the state of being unable to produce offspring; in a woman it is an inability to conceive; in a man it is an inability to impregnate
• Sterilization
  Sterilization (or Sterilisation) is the elimination of all transmissible agents (such as bacteria, prions and viruses) from a surface or piece of equipment. This is different from disinfection, where only organisms that can cause disease are removed by a disinfectant.
• steroid - STAIR-oyd
  A type of drug used to relieve swelling and inflammation.
• steroid therapy -
  Treatment with corticosteroid drugs to reduce swelling, pain, and other symptoms of inflammation.
• Steroids
  A steroid is a lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton with four fused rings. Different steroids vary in the functional groups attached to these rings. Hundreds of distinct steroids have been identified in plants and animals. Their most important role in most living systems is as hormones.
• Steroids, Anabolic
  
• Steroids, Inhaled
  
• Steroids, Nasal Sprays
  
• Stevia
  Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a shrub belonging to the Asteraceae (sunflower) family of plants. It is widely used as a sweetener in Japan, and is available in the US and Canada as a health food supplement. Originating in South America, it is found in the wild in semi-arid habitats ranging from grassland to mountain terrain. ...
• STI481 -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors. Also called gimatecan.
• STI571 -
  A drug that is being studied for its ability to inhibit the growth of certain cancers. It interferes with a portion of the protein produced by the bcr/abl oncogene. Also called Gleevec and imatinib mesylate.
• Stibine
  Stibine is a colourless gas formed by the reaction of certain antimony compounds with water or reducing agents. It is unstable with respect to its elements, and decomposes slowly at room temperature or rapidly at 200°C: the decomposition is autocatalytic and can be explosive. Stibine is readily oxidized to water and antimony trioxide.
• Stickler syndrome
  Stickler syndrome is a group of hereditary conditions characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, eye abnormalities, hearing loss, and joint problems. Genetic changes are related to the following types of Stickler syndrome. Stickler syndrome, COL11A1 Stickler syndrome, COL11A2 Stickler syndrome, COL2A1 Whether there are two or three types of Stickler syndrome is controversial. Each type is presented here according to the gene involved. The classification of these conditions is changing as researchers learn more about the genetic causes. Stickler syndrome is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI. Individuals with Stickler syndrome experience a range of signs and symptoms. Some people have almost no signs and symptoms; others have all of the features described below. In addition, each feature of this syndrome may vary from subtle to severe. A characteristic feature of Stickler syndrome is a somewhat flattened facial appearance. This is caused by underdeveloped bones in the middle of the face, including the cheekbones and the bridge of the nose. A particular group of physical features, called Robin sequence, is common in children with Stickler syndrome. Robin sequence includes a U-shaped cleft palate (an opening in the roof of the mouth) with a tongue that is too large for the space formed by the small lower jaw. Children with a cleft palate are also prone to frequent ear infections and swallowing difficulties. Many people with Stickler syndrome are very nearsighted (described as having high myopia) because of the shape of the eye. People with eye involvement are prone to increased pressure within the eye (glaucoma) and tearing of the lining of the eye (retinal detachment). The jelly-like substance within the eye (the vitreous) has a distinctive appearance in the types of Stickler syndrome associated with the COL2A1 and COL11A1 genes. The type of Stickler syndrome associated with the COL11A2 gene does not affect the eye. Another sign of Stickler syndrome is mild to severe hearing loss that, for some people, may be progressive. The joints of affected children and young adults may be very flexible (hypermobile). Arthritis often appears at an early age and worsens as a person gets older.
• Stickler syndrome, COL2A1
  Stickler syndrome, COL2A1 is a disorder of type II collagen. This common protein supports structures in the eyes, ears, and bony cartilage. The characteristic features of this disorder include very flexible (hyperextensible) joints, distinctive facial features, hearing loss, and severe nearsightedness with associated eye problems. Stickler syndrome, COL2A1 is a subtype of Stickler syndrome. The signs and symptoms of Stickler syndrome, COL2A1 vary widely among affected people. Characteristic facial features include a flattened bridge of the nose and underdeveloped cheekbones. Some children are born with an opening in the roof of the mouth (a cleft palate). The cleft palate may be associated with a tongue that is too large for the space formed by the small lower jaw; this combination of physical features is known as Robin sequence. Affected individuals are very nearsighted and have changes in the jelly-like substance inside the eyes (the vitreous). People with these eye problems tend to develop increased pressure in the eye (glaucoma), tearing of the eye lining (retinal detachment), and cataracts. Hearing is normal or the loss is generally mild, mostly affecting high tones. Hearing loss can involve both the middle ear and inner ear. This form of hearing loss is called mixed conductive and sensorineural hearing loss because it involves bone movement in the middle ear and sensory nerve cells in the inner ear. Young people with this form of Stickler syndrome often have extremely flexible joints. This flexibility lessens as they mature, and people with the condition can develop arthritis-like symptoms along with progressive spine problems and back pain.
• Sties
  
• Stiff Lung
  
• Still//'s disease
  
• Stillbirth
  The expected result of pregnancy is the birth of a living child. Some pregnancies do not result in a live birth. If a pregnancy ends without a live birth because of natural causes, this is called stillbirth, pregnancy loss, miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion.
• Stilphostrol Injection
  
• Stimate
  
• Stinging Nettle
  The Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is a herb native to Europe, Asia, and North America, the best known member of the nettle genus Urtica.
• Stinging Nettle Root
  Urtica Dioica L. (family Urticaceae) DESCRIPTION: Many species have stinging hairs on the stems and leaves. The leaves are varied and the sap is usually watery. The small, greenish flowers often form clusters in the leaf axils. RANGE: Distributed primarily in tropical regions. APPLICATION: Used as a treatment for urinary difficulties arising from the early stages of prostate adenoma or BPH. Because the active principles are apparently water soluble, the root may be administered as a tea. ...
• Stings and Bites, Insect
  
• stoma - STO-ma
  A surgically created opening from an area inside the body to the outside.
• stomach -
  An organ that is part of the digestive system. It helps in the digestion of food by mixing it with digestive juices and churning it into a thin liquid.
• Stomach (Gastric) Cancer, Childhood
  
• Stomach Cancer (Gastric Cancer)
  In medicine, stomach cancer (also called gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs. The cancer may grow along the stomach wall into the esophagus or small intestine.
• Stomach Disorders
  
• Stomach pain
  
• Stomach Ulcer
  Peptic ulcer is a non-malignant ulcer of the stomach (called gastric ulcer) or duodenum (called duodenal ulcer). By far most instances are now known to be due to Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acid environment of the stomach. These ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as Aspirin and other NSAIDs.
• Stomach Ulcers
  Peptic ulcer is a non-malignant ulcer of the stomach (called gastric ulcer) or duodenum (called duodenal ulcer). By far most instances are now known to be due to Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acid environment of the stomach. These ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as Aspirin and other NSAIDs.
• stomatitis -
  Inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth.
• Stomatodynia
  pain in the mouth
• stool -
  The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement; feces.
• Stool Culture
  
• stool test -
  A test to check for hidden blood in the bowel movement.
• Stop Gel
  
• Stopping of the period (menstruation) in women
  
• Stork bite
  Nevus flammeus nuchae (also known as "Stork bite") is a congenital capillary malformation present in 25% of newborns. ...
• Storms and Floods
  
• Strains and sprains
  
• Strategic National Stockpile
  The Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) is the United States' national repository of antibiotics, chemical antidotes, antitoxins, vaccines, life-support medications, IV administration supplies, airway maintenance supplies and medical/surgical items. The SNS is designed to supplement and re-supply state and local public health agencies in the event of a national emergency, especially bioterrorism, anywhere and at anytime within the United States or its territories.
• Strategies for Preventing Heart Disease
  
• Strength & Weight Training
  
• Strength Sports
  
• Strep Throat
  The group A streptococcus bacterium (Streptococcus pyogenes) is a form of Streptococcus bacteria responsible for most cases of streptococcal illness. Other types (B, C, D, and G) may also cause infection. Group B streptococci cause most streptococcal infections in newborns and maternal post-labor/delivery infections.
• streptavidin -
  A small bacterial protein that binds with high affinity to the vitamin biotin. This streptavidin-biotin combination can be used to link molecules such as radioisotopes and monoclonal antibodies together. These bound products have the property of being attracted to, and attaching to, cancer cells, rather than normal cells. The radiolabeled products are more easily removed from the body, thus decreasing their toxicity.
• Streptococcal Diseases
  
• Streptococcal Infections
  Streptococcus is a genus of spherical, Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. These bacteria grow in chains or pairs, with cell division occurring only along one axis. In this sense they are contrasted with Staphylococcus, which divides along several axes, generating a "cluster" of cells, which resemble clusters of grapes. Though many people believe Streptococcus is a species and only causes strep throat, this is not true. ...
• Streptococcus pneumonia Infection
  
• Streptokinase
  Streptokinase is an extracellular metallo-enzyme produced by alpha-haemolytic streptococcus and is used as an effective and cheap clot-dissolving medication in some cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and pulmonary embolism.
• Streptomycin
  Streptomycin was the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered, and was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis. It is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus.
• streptozocin -
  An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
• Stress fractures
  weak spots or small cracks in the bone caused by continuous overuse.
• Stress gastritis
  
• Stress Incontinence
  involuntary leaking of urine during activities that increase pressure inside the abdomen, such as coughing, sneezing, or jogging.
• Stress Management
  Stress management encompasses techniques intended to equip a person with effective coping mechanisms for dealing with psychological stress.
• Stress Test
  Stress testing is a form of testing which is used to determine the stability of a given system or entity. It involves testing beyond normal operational capacity, often to a breaking point, in order to observe the results. For example, a web server may be stress tested using scripts, bots, and various denial of service tools to observe the performance of a web site during peak loads. Stress testing a subset of load testing.Also see testing, software testing, performance testing.
• Stretch Marks
  Stretch marks are a form of scarring generally associated with pregnancy, obesity, bodybuilding, and — to a lesser extent — puberty. They come about as skin is overstretched, disrupting the normal production of collagen. They first appear as reddish or purplish lines, but tend to gradually fade to a lighter color.
• Stretching
  Stretching is the activity of gradually applying tensile force to lengthen, strengthen, and lubricate muscles, often performed in anticipation of physical exertion and to increase the range of motion within a joint. Stretching is an especially important accompaniment to activities that emphasize controlled muscular strength and flexibility, such as ballet, acrobatics or martial arts.
• Stretching and Walking
  
• Striant
  
• Striatonigral Degeneration
  
• Stroke secondary to atherosclerosis
  
• Stroke secondary to cardiogenic embolism
  
• Stroke secondary to syphilis
  
• Stroke, if clots break off and travel to the brain (drugs that thin the blood such as heparin and warfarin can reduce the risk)
  
• Stroke, Transient
  
• Strokes
  The Strokes are an American rock and roll band who formed in New York City and gained fame for their live shows. The Modern Age (EP) was released in 2001 and sparked a bidding war among record labels, the largest for a rock and roll band in years. ...
• Stromagen -
  A drug that is derived from a patient's stem cells (specialized cells in the bone marrow that form new blood cells) and may be given back to the patient to help restore bone marrow that has been damaged by high-dose chemotherapy.
• stromal tumor - STRO-mal
  A tumor that arises in the supporting connective tissue of an organ.
• Stromectal
  
• Strongyloidiasis
  Strongyloidiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the nematode (roundworm) Strongyloides stercoralis. Other Strongyloides include S. fülleborni, which infects chimpanzees and baboons and may produce limited infections in humans.
• strontium -
  A metal often used in a radioactive form for imaging tests or as a treatment for cancer.
• strontium-89 -
  A radioactive compound that is absorbed by the bone. It is used to treat bone pain associated with prostate cancer.
• Strontium-89 Chloride
  
• Strychnine
  Strychnine (pronounced (British) or (U.S.)) is a very toxic (LD50 = 1 mg/kg), colourless crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as rodents. Strychnine causes muscular convulsions and eventually asphyxia or sheer exhaustion. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree. Strychnine is one of the most bitter substances in the world. Its taste is detectable in concentrations as low as 1 ppm.
• study agent -
  A medicine, vitamin, mineral, food supplement, or a combination of them that is being tested in a clinical trial.
• Stump pain
  
• Sturge-Weber syndrome -
  SWS. A rare, congenital disorder that affects the brain, skin, and eyes. Abnormal blood vessel growth occurs in the trigeminal nerve in the face and the meninges (covering) of the brain. This abnormal growth causes red or purple skin discoloration (sometimes called a port wine stain), usually on one side of the face, and can also cause seizures, learning disabilities, and glaucoma.
• Stuttering
  Stuttering (commonly known as stammering in the UK and scientifically known as dysphemia) is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is frequently disrupted by repetitions (sounds, syllables, words or phrases), pauses and prolongations that differ both in frequency and severity from those of normally fluent individuals. ...
• Sty
  ----A sty or pigsty is a small-scale outdoor enclosure for raising pigs. It is sometimes referred to as a pigpen or "pig parlor." Pigsties are generally fenced areas of bare dirt and/or mud. Both "sty" and "pigpen" are used as derogatory descriptions of dirty, messy areas. ...
• Su-Tuss HD
  
• SU011248 -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors.
• SU101 -
  An anticancer drug that works by inhibiting a cancer cell growth factor. Also called leflunomide.
• SU5416 -
  An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. Also called semaxanib.
• SU6668 -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. Also called SU006668.
• Subacute combined degeneration
  Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, also known as Lichtheim's disease, refers to degeneration of the posterior and lateral columns of ...
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH, , or subarachnoid haemorrhage in British English) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the ...
• Subconjunctival hemorrhage
  A subconjunctival hemorrhage (or subconjunctival haemorrhage) is bleeding underneath the conjunctiva. ...
• Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy
  
• subcutaneous -
  Beneath the skin.
• subcutaneous port -
  A tube surgically placed into a blood vessel and attached to a disk placed under the skin. It is used for the administration of intravenous fluids and drugs; it can also be used to obtain blood samples.
• Subdural hematoma
  A subdural hematoma, also called a subdural hemorrhage, is a collection of blood between the dura (the outer protective covering of the brain) and the arachnoid (the middle layer of the meninges). Such bleeding often separates these two meningeal layers. Injury to the brain may then result from local pressure, increased intracranial pressure, or related insults. An acute subdural hematoma is a medical emergency.
• subependymal - SUB-ep-EN-di-mal
  Below the ependyma (the membrane that lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord).
• suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid -
  A substance that is being studied as an anticancer drug.
• Subfertility
  A couple that has tried unsuccessfully to have a child for a year or more is said to be subfertile. Many of its causes are the same as those of infertility.
• subglottis - SUB-glot-is
  The lowest part of the larynx; the area from just below the vocal cords down to the top of the trachea.
• subjective improvement -
  An improvement that is reported by the patient, but cannot be measured by the healthcare provider (for example, "I feel better").
• Sublimaze
  Fentanyl: trade names of a narcotic analgesic that can be inhaled and that acts on the central nervous system and may become addictive; used as a veterinary anesthetic and with other drugs before, during, and after surgery; also used as a nonlethal gas to incapacitate people in hostage situations; also abused as a recreational drug
• subset analysis -
  In a clinical study, the evaluation of results for some but not all of the patients who participated. The selected patients have one or more characteristics in common, such as the same stage of disease or the same hormone receptor status.
• Substance Abuse
  Substance abuse has a range of definitions related to disaproval over use or overuse of mood altering substances. These fall into four main categories: Substance abuse may lead to addiction or substance dependence. Medicaly, dependence requires the development of tolerance leading to withdrawal symptoms. ...
• Substance Abuse in Pregnancy
  
• subtenon -
  Used to describe injections through the membrane covering the muscles and nerves at the back of the eyeball.
• Subutex
  Tablet containing buprenorphine only.
• Subway Diet
  
• Succinylcholine
  Suxamethonium chloride (also known as succinylcholine, or scoline) is a white crystalline substance, it is odourless and highly soluble in water. The compound consists of two acetylcholine molecules that are linked by their acetyl groups. Suxamethonium is sold under several trademark names such as Anectine®.
• sucralfate -
  A drug used to treat ulcers. It adheres to proteins at the ulcer site and forms a protective coating over the ulcer. Sucralfate is also used to treat mucositis.
• Sucralfate Oral Suspension
  
• Sudafed Sinus and Cold
  
• Sudal
  
• Sudal-DM
  
• Sudan
  The Republic of the Sudan, or Republic of Sudan (in recent years the definite article has increasingly been dropped in common usage) is the largest country in Africa, situated in the northeast part of the continent. The capital is Khartoum. ...
• Sudden Deafness
  loss of hearing that occurs quickly from causes such as explosion, a viral infection, or the use of some drugs.
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
  Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, is the term for the sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant aged one month to one year. SIDS is a definition of exclusion and only applies to an infant whose death remains unexplained after the performance of an adequate postmortem investigation including (1) an autopsy, (2) investigation of the scene and circumstances of the death and (3) exploration of the medical history of the infant and family. ...
• Suddenly Slim
  
• Sufenta
  
• Sufentanil Citrate Injection
  
• Sugar Busters
  
• Sugar Busters Diet
  
• Sugar Busters™ Diet
  
• Sugar Substitutes
  A sugar substitute is a food additive which duplicates the effect of sugar in taste, but often with less food energy. In Commonwealth English, sugar substitutes are often referred to as "sweeteners" (to the exclusion of sugar).
• Suicide
  Suicide (from Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of intentionally ending one's own life; it is sometimes a noun for one who has committed, or attempted the act.
• Sular
  
• Sulconazole Skin Cream
  
• Sulconazole Skin Lotion
  
• Sulf-10
  
• sulfa drug -
  A type of antibiotic used to treat infection. Also called sulfonamide.
• Sulfacetamide lotion
  
• Sulfacetamide Ophthalmic
  
• Sulfadiazine
  An inhibitor of bacterial folic acid synthesis, which has been highly effective against pneumococcal, staphylococcal, streptococcal, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, and also useful in acute gonococcal arthritis.
• Sulfamethoxazole
  Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is most often used as part of a synergistic combination with trimethoprim in a 5:1 ratio in co-trimoxazole.
• Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim
  
• Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Injection
  
• Sulfasalazine
  Sulfasalazine is a sulfa drug used primarily in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. It is a 5-acetylsalicyclic acid derivative. It is sold as Azulfidine in the United States. It is also used for rheumatoid arthritis. It is usually not given to children under 2 years of age.
• Sulfatrim Oral Susp
  
• Sulfinpyrazone Capsules
  
• Sulfinpyrazone Tablets
  
• Sulfisoxazole
  a sulfonamide (trade name Gantrisin) used to treat infections of the urinary tract
• Sulfisoxazole Ophthalmic
  
• Sulfisoxazole Oral Suspension or Syrup
  
• sulfonamide -
  A type of antibiotic used to treat infection. Also called sulfa drug.
• Sulfonate Phenolics Topical
  
• Sulfonated Phenolics Topical
  
• Sulfonylureas
  
• Sulfur
  Sulfur (or Sulphur; see spelling below) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, tasteless, odorless, multivalent non-metal. Sulfur, in its native form, is a yellow crystaline solid. In nature, it can be found as the pure element or as sulfide and sulfate minerals. It is an essential element for life and is found in several amino acids. ...
• Sulfur mustard
  mustard gas: a toxic war gas with sulfide based compounds that raises blisters and attacks the eyes and lungs; there is no known antidote
• sulfuric acid -
  A strong acid that, when concentrated is extemely corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes. It is used in making fertilizers, dyes, electroplating, and industrial explosives.
• sulindac -
  A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is being studied as a treatment for cancer.
• Sumatriptan Injection
  
• Sumatriptan Nasal Spray
  
• Sumatriptan Oral
  
• Sumycin Capsules
  
• Sumycin Oral Suspension
  
• sun protection factor -
  SPF. A scale for rating the level of sunburn protection in sunscreen products. The higher the SPF, the more sunburn protection it provides. Sunscreens with an SPF value of 2 through 11 provide minimal protection against sunburns. Sunscreens with an SPF of 12 through 29 provide moderate protection, which is adequate for most people. Those with an SPF of 30 or higher provide high protection against sunburn and are sometimes recommended for people who are highly sensitive to the sun.
• SUNCT Headache
  
• sunscreen -
  A substance that helps protect the skin from the sun's harmful rays. Sunscreens reflect, absorb, and scatter both ultraviolet A and B radiation to provide protection against both types of radiation. Using lotions, creams, or gels that contain sunscreens can help protect the skin from premature aging and damage that may lead to skin cancer.
• Super Warfarin
  
• superficial -
  Affecting cells on the surface. Not invasive.
• superior vena cava -
  The large vein that carries blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest to the heart.
• superior vena cava syndrome -
  A condition in which a tumor presses against the superior vena cava (the large vein that carries blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest to the heart). This pressure blocks blood flow to the heart and may cause coughing, difficulty in breathing, and swelling of the face, neck, and upper arms.
• supplementation -
  Adding nutrients to the diet.
• support group -
  A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their disease and treatment.
• Support Groups
  Support groups exist to combat or legitimise conditions or behaviours.
• supportive care -
  Care given to improve the quality of life of patients who have a serious or life-threatening disease. The goal of supportive care is to prevent or treat as early as possible the symptoms of the disease, side effects caused by treatment of the disease, and psychological, social, and spiritual problems related to the disease or its treatment. Also called palliative care, comfort care, and symptom management.
• supraclavicular lymph node -
  A lymph node located above the clavicle (collarbone).
• supraglottic laryngectomy - SOO-pra-GLOT-ik lair-in-JEK-tuh-mee
  An operation to remove the supraglottis, which is part of the larynx (voice box) above the vocal cords.
• supraglottis - SOO-pra-GLOT-is
  The upper part of the larynx (voice box), including the epiglottis; the area above the vocal cords.
• supratentorial -
  Located in the upper part of the brain.
• Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Childhood
  
• Suprax Suspension
  
• suramin -
  A drug used to treat bacterial and parasitic infections. It is also being studied in the treatment of cancer.
• surgeon -
  A doctor who removes or repairs a part of the body by operating on the patient.
• Surgeon General'
  
• surgery - SER-juh-ree
  A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation.
• Surgery and radiation can cause problems with sexual, bowel, and bladder function.
  
• surgical castration -
  Surgical removal of the testicles (orchiectomy) or ovaries (oophorectomy) to stop the production of sex hormones. Decreasing the levels of hormones may stop the growth of certain cancers.
• Surgical Drains
  
• surgical oncologist -
  A doctor who performs biopsies and other surgical procedures in cancer patients.
• Suriname
  The Republic of Suriname, more commonly known as Suriname or Surinam, (formerly known as Netherlands Guiana and Dutch Guiana) is a country in northern South America, in between French Guiana to the east and Guyana to the west. The southern border is shared with Brazil and the northern border is the Atlantic coast. ...
• Surmontil
  trimipramine: tricyclic antidepressant drug (trade name Surmontil) used to treat depression and anxiety and (sometimes) insomnia
• Survanta
  
• Surveillance
  Surveillance is close monitoring of behaviour.
• Surveys &
  
• survival rate -
  The percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a given period of time after diagnosis. This is commonly expressed as 5-year survival.
• Sustaire
  
• Suzanne Somers
  Suzanne Somers (born October 16, 1945) is an American actress best known for her role as Chrissy Snow on the sitcom Three's Company.
• Suzanne Somers Diet
  
• Swallowing
  Swallowing, known scientifically as deglutition, is the reflex in the human body that makes something pass from the mouth, through the esophagus. If this fails and the object goes through the trachea, then choking occurs if the airway is completely blocked, or pulmonary aspiration occurs if the object is drawn into the lungs.
• Swallowing difficulties
  
• Swallowing Disorders
  
• Swaziland
  The Kingdom of Swaziland is a small country in southern Africa (one of the smallest on the continent), situated on the eastern slope of the Drakensberg mountains, embedded between South Africa in the west and Mozambique in the east. The country is named after the Swazi, a Bantu tribe.
• Sweat
  Sweating (also called perspiration or sometimes transpiration) is the loss of a watery fluid, consisting mainly of sodium chloride and urea in solution, that is secreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. Sweat also consist of the chemicals or odorants 2-methylphenol and 4-methyphenol.
• Sweat Chloride
  
• Sweating and body odor
  
• Sweden
  The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige ) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia, in Northern Europe. It is bordered by Norway on the west, Finland on the northeast, the Skagerrak Strait and the Kattegat Strait on the southwest, and the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia on the east. Sweden has a low population density in all but its metropolitan areas, with most of the inland consisting of large peaceful forests and mountainous wilderness.
• Sweet Oil
  mild vegetable oil when used as food; especially olive or edible rape oil
• sweet viburnum
  
• Sweetleaf
  small yellowwood tree of southern United States having small fragrant white flowers; leaves and bark yield a yellow dye
• Swelling
  In medicine, swelling is the enlargement of organs caused by accumulation of excess fluid in tissues, called edema. It can occur throughout the body (generalized), or only some part or organ is affected (localized).
• Swim Healthy, Swim Safely
  
• Swimmer'
  
• Swimming
  Swimming is the method by which humans (or other animals) move themselves through water. Swimming is a popular recreational activity, particularly in hot countries and in areas with natural watercourses. Swimming is also a competitive sport. There are many health benefits of swimming, yet basic swimming skills and safety precautions are needed to participate in water activities.
• Swimming pool granuloma
  Aquarium granuloma (also known as "Fish tank granuloma," and "Swimming pool granuloma") is a skin condition caused by Mycobacterium marinum ...
• Swimming Related Illnesses
  
• Swine Influenza
  Swine influenza (also called swine flu, hog flu, and pig flu) is an infection of a host animal by any one of several specific types of microscopic organisms called "swine influenza virus". ...
• Switzerland
  The Swiss Confederation or Switzerland is a landlocked federal state in Europe, which borders Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. The country has a strong tradition of political and military neutrality, but also of international co-operation, and is home to many international organisations.
• Swollen Glands
  
• Sydenham Chorea
  
• Syllact
  
• Symax-SL
  
• Symbyax
  
• Symmetrel Oral Syrup
  
• symptom -
  An indication that a person has a condition or disease. Some examples of symptoms are headache, fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and pain.
• symptom management -
  Care given to improve the quality of life of patients who have a serious or life-threatening disease. The goal of symptom management is to prevent or treat as early as possible the symptoms of the disease, side effects caused by treatment of the disease, and psychological, social, and spiritual problems related to the disease or its treatment. Also called palliative care, comfort care, and supportive care.
• symptomatic -
  Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease.
• Symptoms and Manifestations
  
• Synagis
  
• Synalar
  
• syncytium -
  A large cell-like structure formed by the joining together of two or more cells. The plural is syncytia.
• Syndemics
  
• syndrome - SIN-drome
  A set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease.
• Syndrome X
  (Cardiac) syndrome X is angina without clear atherosclerosis on coronary angiography. It occurs more often in young women. Some studies have found increased risk of other vasospastic disorders in Syndrome X patients, such as migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon. It is treated with calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine.
• Synemol
  
• Synephrine
  Synephrine is a dietary supplement aimed at encouraging fat loss. While its effectiveness is widely debated, it has gained significant popularity as an alternative to the (U.S.) banned ephedra. Synephrine is derived from the fruit plant zhi shi, also known as green orange, sour orange, and bitter orange.
• synergistic -
  Describes the interaction of two or more drugs such that their combined effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects seen when each drug is given alone.
• syngeneic bone marrow transplantation - SIN-juh-NAY-ik
  A procedure in which a person receives bone marrow donated by his or her healthy identical twin.
• syngeneic stem cell transplantation - SIN-juh-NAY-ik
  A procedure in which a patient receives stem cells donated by his or her healthy identical twin.
• synovial membrane -
  A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae (fluid-filled sacs between tendons and bones). The synovial membrane makes synovial fluid, which has a lubricating function.
• synovial sarcoma -
  A malignant tumor that develops in the synovial membrane of the joints.
• Syntest D.S.
  
• Syntest H.S.
  
• synthetic protegrin analog -
  A drug that may prevent oral mucositis (sores on the lining of the mouth), a side effect of some cancer treatments.
• synthetic retinoid - sin-THET-ik RET-in-oyd
  A substance related to vitamin A that is produced in a laboratory.
• Synthroid Injection
  
• Syphilis - primary
  
• Syphilis - secondary
  
• Syphilitic Spinal Sclerosis
  
• Syphillis
  Syphilis (historically called lues) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by a spirochaete bacterium, Treponema pallidum. Syphilis has many alternate names, such as: Miss Siff, the Pox, and has been given many national attributions, e.g. the French disease or the English disease.
• Syria
  The Syrian Arab Republic or Syria is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. The borders with Israel and Turkey are subject to dispute, pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts over possession of the Golan Heights and the province of Hatay, respectively.
• syringe -
  A small hollow tube used for injecting or withdrawing liquids. It may be attached to a needle in order to withdraw fluid from the body or inject drugs into the body.
• Syringohydromyelia
  
• systemic - sis-TEM-ik
  Affecting the entire body.
• systemic chemotherapy -
  Treatment with anticancer drugs that travel through the bloodstream, reaching and affecting cells all over the body.
• systemic disease -
  Disease that affects the whole body.
• Systemic Lupus
  
• systemic lupus erythematosus -
  SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. Also called lupus.
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus/sle
  
• Systemic sclerosis
  Scleroderma is a rare, chronic disease characterized by excessive deposits of collagen. Progressive systemic scleroderma or systemic sclerosis, the serious type of the disease, can be fatal. The local type of the disease is not serious.
• Systemic side effects of medications (see the specific medication)
  
• systemic therapy - sis-TEM-ik THER-a-pee
  Treatment using substances that travel through the bloodstream, reaching and affecting cells all over the body.