Definitions

• R-flurbiprofen -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• R-Gel
  
• r-tPA -
  Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. A protein that is made by the body and that helps dissolve blood clots. It can also be made in the laboratory and is used in the treatment of heart attack and stroke. It is also being studied in the treatment of cancer. r-tPA belongs to the family of drugs called systemic thrombolytic agents. Also called tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), Activase, and Alteplase.
• R101933 -
  A substance that is being studied for its ability to make cancer cells respond to drugs to which they have become resistant. It belongs to the family of drugs called multidrug resistance inhibitors.
• R115777 -
  An anticancer drug that inhibits the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells. It belongs to the family of drugs called enzyme inhibitors. Also called tipifarnib.
• rabies -
  A disease of the nervous system caused by the rabies virus. Rabies is marked by an increase in saliva production, abnormal behavior, and eventual paralysis and death.
• Raccoon Roundworm Infection
  
• Race Prep
  
• Racquetball
  Racquetball is a sport played with racquets and a hollow rubber ball on a special indoor court. It was invented by Joe Sobeck in 1949 incorporating rules from squash and handball. Unlike many other racquet sports, the walls, floor, and even ceiling of the racquetball court are considered in-bounds. The game is normally played by two players, though there are variations with three or even four (which can get very crowded). ...
• Radial Keratotomy
  Radial keratotomy (RK) is a refractive surgical procedure to correct myopia. The procedure consists of numerous radial incisions which extend from the pupil to the periphery of the cornea in a pattern like the spokes of a wheel. It was discovered by accident by Dr. Svyatoslav Fyodorov who removed glass from the eye of one of his patients who had been in a fight. The patient's eyesight improved after the glass was removed.
• Radial nerve dysfunction
  
• Radiant Health
  
• radiation - ray-dee-AY-shun
  Energy released in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space, and medical x-rays.
• Radiation Damage
  A general term for the alteration of properties of a material arising from exposure to ionizing radiation (penetrating radiation), such as x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, heavy-particle radiation, or fission fragments in nuclear fuel material.
• Radiation Emergencies
  
• Radiation enteritis
  Radiation enteropathy or radiation enteritis is the syndrome that develops after the intestine is exposed to radiation.
• Radiation Exposure
  Radioactive contamination is the uncontrolled distribution of radioactive material in a given environment.
• radiation fibrosis - ray-dee-AY-shun fye-BRO-sis
  The formation of scar tissue as a result of radiation therapy.
• radiation nurse -
  A health professional who specializes in caring for people who are receiving radiation therapy.
• radiation oncologist - ray-dee-AY-shun on-KOL-o-jist
  A doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat cancer.
• radiation physicist -
  A person who makes sure that the radiation machine delivers the right amount of radiation to the correct site in the body. The physicist works with the radiation oncologist to choose the treatment schedule and dose that has the best chance of killing the most cancer cells.
• Radiation Poisoning
  Radiation poisoning, also called "radiation sickness", is a form of damage to organic tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. The term is generally used to refer to acute problems caused by a large dosage of radiation in a short period. Many of the symptoms of radiation poisoning occur as ionizing radiation interferes with cell division. This interference causes particular problems for cells that normally divide rapidly, such as those lining the gastrointestinal tract.
• Radiation sickness
  Radiation poisoning, also called "radiation sickness", is a form of damage to organic tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. The term is generally used to refer to acute problems caused by a large dosage of radiation in a short period. Many of the symptoms of radiation poisoning occur as ionizing radiation interferes with cell division. This interference causes particular problems for cells that normally divide rapidly, such as those lining the gastrointestinal tract.
• Radiation Studies
  
• radiation surgery -
  A radiation therapy technique that delivers radiation directly to the tumor while sparing the healthy tissue. Also called radiosurgery and stereotactic external beam irradiation.
• radiation therapist -
  A health professional who gives radiation treatment.
• radiation therapy - ray-dee-AY-shun THER-ah-pee
  The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiotherapy.
• radical cystectomy - RAD-ih-kal sis-TEK-toe-mee
  Surgery to remove the bladder as well as nearby tissues and organs.
• radical hysterectomy -
  Surgery to remove the uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina. The ovaries, fallopian tubes, and nearby lymph nodes may also be removed.
• radical lymph node dissection -
  A surgical procedure to remove most or all of the lymph nodes that drain lymph from the area around a tumor. The lymph nodes are then examined under a microscope to see if cancer cells have spread to them.
• radical mastectomy - RAD-ih-kul mas-TEK-toe-mee
  Surgery for breast cancer in which the breast, chest muscles, and all of the lymph nodes under the arm are removed. For many years, this was the breast cancer operation used most often, but it is used rarely now. Doctors consider radical mastectomy only when the tumor has spread to the chest muscles. Also called the Halsted radical mastectomy.
• radical nephrectomy - RAD-ih-kul neh-FREK-toe-mee
  Surgery to remove an entire kidney, nearby adrenal gland and lymph nodes, and other surrounding tissue.
• radical perineal prostatectomy - RAD-ih-kul peh-ri-NEE-al pros-ta-TEK-toe-mee
  Surgery to remove all of the prostate through an incision between the scrotum and the anus. Nearby lymph nodes are sometimes removed through a separate incision in the wall of the abdomen.
• radical prostatectomy - RAD-ih-kal pros-ta-TEK-toe-mee
  Surgery to remove the entire prostate. The two types of radical prostatectomy are retropubic prostatectomy and perineal prostatectomy.
• radical retropubic prostatectomy - RAD-ih-kul re-tro-PYOO-bik pros-ta-TEK-toe-mee
  Surgery to remove all of the prostate and nearby lymph nodes through an incision in the wall of the abdomen.
• Radiculopathy
  Radiculopathy is not a specific condition, but rather a description of a problem in which one or more nerves are affected and do not work properly (a neuropathy). The emphasis is on the nerve root (Radix = "root"). ...
• radioactive - RAY-dee-o-AK-tiv
  Giving off radiation.
• radioactive drug -
  A drug containing a radioactive substance that is used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and in pain management of bone metastases. Also called a radiopharmaceutical.
• radioactive fallout - RAY-dee-o-AK-tiv
  Airborne radioactive particles that fall to the ground during and after an atomic bombing, nuclear weapons test, or nuclear plant accident.
• radioactive iodine - RAY-dee-o-AK-tiv EYE-uh-dine
  A radioactive form of iodine, often used for imaging tests or as a treatment for thyroid cancer and certain other cancers. For imaging tests, the patient takes a small dose of radioactive iodine that collects in thyroid cells and certain kinds of tumors and can be detected by a scanner. For treatment of thyroid cancer, the patient takes a large dose of radioactive iodine, which kills thyroid cells. Radioactive iodine is also used in internal radiation therapy for prostate cancer, intraocular (eye) melanoma, and carcinoid tumors. The radioactive iodine is given by infusion or sealed in seeds, which are placed in or near the tumor to kill cancer cells.
• radioactive palladium -
  A radioactive form of palladium (a metallic element that resembles platinum). When used to treat prostate cancer, radioactive seeds (small pellets that contain radioactive palladium) are placed in the prostate. Cancer cells are killed by the energy given off as the radioactive material decays (breaks down).
• radioactive seed -
  A small, radioactive pellet that is placed in or near a tumor. Cancer cells are killed by the energy given off as the radioactive material decays (breaks down).
• radiofrequency ablation -
  The use of electrodes to heat and destroy abnormal tissue.
• radioimmunoguided surgery -
  A procedure that uses radiolabeled substances to detect tumors for surgical removal.
• radioimmunotherapy -
  Treatment with a radioactive substance that is linked to an antibody that will attach to the tumor when injected into the body.
• radioisotope -
  An unstable element that releases radiation as it breaks down. Radioisotopes can be used in imaging tests or as a treatment for cancer.
• radiolabeled -
  Any compound that has been joined with a radioactive substance.
• radiologic exam -
  A test that uses radiation or other imaging procedures to find signs of cancer or other abnormalities.
• radiologist - RAY-dee-OL-o-jist
  A doctor who specializes in creating and interpreting pictures of areas inside the body. The pictures are produced with x-rays, sound waves, or other types of energy.
• radiology -
  The use of radiation (such as x-rays) or other imaging technologies (such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) to diagnose or treat disease.
• radionuclide scanning -
  A test that produces pictures (scans) of internal parts of the body. The person is given an injection or swallows a small amount of radioactive material; a machine called a scanner then measures the radioactivity in certain organs.
• radiopharmaceutical -
  A drug containing a radioactive substance that is used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and in pain management of bone metastases. Also called a radioactive drug.
• radiosensitization -
  The use of a drug that makes tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy.
• radiosensitizer -
  A drug that makes tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy.
• radiosurgery -
  A radiation therapy technique that delivers radiation directly to the tumor while sparing the healthy tissue. Also called radiation surgery and stereotactic external beam irradiation.
• radiotherapy - RAY-dee-o-THER-a-pee
  The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiotherapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiation therapy.
• Radix Salvia
  
• radon - RAY-don
  A radioactive gas that is released by uranium, a substance found in soil and rock. Breathing in too much radon can damage lung cells and lead to lung cancer.
• Rainbow Series
  gruppo di documenti governativi prodotti dalla National Security Agency americana che descrivono i processi e le procedure per stabilire programmi di protezione per computer efficaci per l’elaborazione di informazioni delicate o riservate. Viene chiamata “rainbow series” (“serie arcobaleno”) perché ogni volume ha un colore di copertina differente. ...
• Raised Blood Pressure
  
• raloxifene -
  A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and is used in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene is also being studied as a cancer prevention drug.
• raltitrexed -
  An anticancer drug that stops tumor cells from growing by blocking the ability of cells to make DNA. Also called ICI D1694. It belongs to the family of drugs called thymidylate synthase inhibitors.
• Ramipril
  Ramipril (marketed as Tritace® or Altace®) is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. ACE inhibitors lower the production of Angiotensin II, therefore relaxing arterial muscles while at the same time enlarging the arteries, allowing the heart to pump blood easier, and increasing blood flow due to more blood being pumped into and through bigger passageways.
• Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Type I
  
• Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Type II
  a type of rare and severe progressive epilepsy that usually begins in early adulthood.
• randomization -
  When referring to an experiment or clinical trial, the process by which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments or other interventions. Randomization gives each participant an equal chance of being assigned to any of the groups.
• randomized clinical trial -
  A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments; neither the researchers nor the participants can choose which group. Using chance to assign people to groups means that the groups will be similar and that the treatments they receive can be compared objectively. At the time of the trial, it is not known which treatment is best. It is the patient's choice to be in a randomized trial.
• Ranitidine
  Ranitidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production, and commonly used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is currently marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Zantac.
• Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate
  
• Ranitidine Effervescent Tablets or Granules
  
• Ranitidine Hydrochloride Injection
  
• Ranitidine Oral Syrup
  
• ranpirnase -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called ribonuclease enzymes. Also called Onconase®.
• Rapamune Oral Solution
  
• rapamycin -
  A drug used to help prevent the body from rejecting organ and bone marrow transplants. It is also being studied as a treatment for cancer. Rapamycin belongs to the family of drugs called immunosuppressants. It is now called sirolimus.
• Rape
  Rape is a crime wherein the victim is forced into sexual activity against his or her will, in particular sexual penetration. It is considered by most societies to be among the most severe crimes.
• Rapid Gastric Emptying
  
• rapid hormone cycling -
  A procedure in which drugs that block the production of male hormones are alternated with male hormones and/or drugs that promote the production of male hormones. This procedure is being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer.
• Rapid or irregular heartbeats, including atrial fibrillation
  
• rapid-onset opioid -
  An opioid that relieves pain quickly.
• Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
  Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome of the kidney that, if left untreated, rapidly progresses into acute renal failure and ...
• Rare Diseases
  
• Rare Diseases And Disorders
  
• ras gene -
  A gene that has been found to cause cancer when it is altered (mutated). Agents that block its activity may stop the growth of cancer. A ras peptide is a protein fragment produced by the ras gene.
• rasburicase -
  A drug that is used to treat high blood levels of uric acid in patients receiving treatment for cancer.
• Rasmussen's Encephalitis
  
• Raspberry Leaf
  
• Rat-bite fever
  Rat-bite fever is an acute, febrile human illness caused by bacteria transmitted by rodents, rats in most cases, which is passed from rodent to ...
• ravuconazole -
  A substance being studied in the treatment of infections caused by fungi. It belongs to the family of drugs called antifungal agents.
• Raynaud's Disease
  In medicine, Raynaud's phenomenon is discoloration of the fingers or toes due to emotion or cold in a characteristic pattern in time: white, blue and red. It is associated with a large number of diseases (mainly forms of vasculitis and hence belonging to rheumatology), but is idiopathic in most sufferers and is then called Raynaud's disease.
• Raynaud//'s disease
  
• Raynaud//'s Phenomenon
  
• Raynaud’s phenomenon
  A condition in which poor blood flow results in discomfort and skin color changes in affected parts of the body. ...
• Raynauds Phenomenon
  
• Réunion
  Réunion is an island and overseas département (département d'outre-mer, or DOM) of France, located in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar, about 200 km southwest of Mauritius. As the other DOMs, Réunion is also a région of France with much the same status as the parts of France situated on the European mainland.
• RBC -
  Red blood cell. RBCs carry oxygen to all parts of the body.
• Reactive attachment disorder of infancy or early childhood
  
• Reading disability
  Traditionally, those whose reading achievement is significantly below what is expected for their age or grade level. One form of a learning disability, in which individuals of at least average cognitive ability nevertheless have a significant reading, computing, writing, speaking, or listening difficulty.
• rebeccamycin -
  An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antineoplastic antibiotics.
• Rebetol
  
• Rebetol Oral Solution
  
• Rebetron (containing a combination of ribavirin and interferon alfa-2b)
  A formulation of interferon and ribavirin, an antiviral compound, marketed by Schering-Plough pharmaceutical company.
• Rebif
  Interferon beta-1a is a drug in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis. It is the pioneering treatment for multiple sclerosis with, as of 2005, 16 years of data demonstrating its safety and efficacy. While these drugs improve certain diagnostic test results, many patients report no perceived improvement, along with serious side-effects that substantially reduce quality of life. ...
• Rebirthing
  Rebirthing is a branch of alternative medicine which postulates that human birth is a traumatic event (see birth trauma) and that a discipline consisting of a combination of connected breathing techniques, relaxation and focused awareness can have therapeutic benefits.
• Reboxetine
  Reboxetine is an antidepressant drug used in the treatment of clinical depression, panic disorder and ADD/ADHD. Its mesilate (i.e. methanesulfonate) salt is sold under tradenames including Edronax®, Norebox®, Prolift®, Solvex® or Vestra®. Chemically it is (±)-(2R*)-2-[(αR*)-α-(o-ethoxyphenoxy)benzyl]morpholine.
• receptor -
  A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell.
• Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
  Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia is a disorder of cartilage and bone development. This condition has relatively mild signs and symptoms, including joint pain that usually begins in late childhood; malformations of the hands, feet, and knees; and curvature of the spine (scoliosis). Some affected individuals are born with an inward- and downward-turning foot (called a clubfoot). An abnormality of the kneecap called a double-layered patella is also relatively common. Although some people with recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia have short stature as adults, most are of normal height.
• Recipes
  A recipe is a set of instructions that show how to prepare or make something, especially a culinary dish.
• Reclomide
  
• recombinant -
  Made through genetic engineering, which is also called gene splicing or recombinant DNA technology. By putting animal or plant genes into the genetic material of bacteria or yeast cells, these microorganisms can be turned into "factories" to make proteins for medical uses.
• recombinant tissue plasminogen activator -
  r-tPA. A protein that is made by the body and that helps dissolve blood clots. It can also be made in the laboratory and is used in the treatment of heart attack and stroke. It is also being studied in the treatment of cancer. r-tPA belongs to the family of drugs called systemic thrombolytic agents. Also called tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), Activase, and Alteplase.
• Recombivax HB
  
• reconstructive surgeon -
  A doctor who can surgically reshape or rebuild (reconstruct) a part of the body, such as a woman's breast after surgery for breast cancer.
• reconstructive surgery -
  Surgery that is done to reshape or rebuild (reconstruct) a part of the body changed by previous surgery.
• Recreational
  Recreation is the employment of time in a non-profitable way, in many ways also a therapeutic refreshment of one's body or mind. Recreation is often distinguished from leisure. Where leisure is, or ought to be, restful, recreation is refreshing and diverting. As people in the world's wealthier regions lead more and more sedentary life styles, the need for recreation has grown. The rise of so called active vacations exemplify this.
• Recreational Programs
  
• Recreational Safety
  
• Recreational Water Illnesses
  
• Recreational Waterborne Illnesses
  
• rectal -
  By or having to do with the rectum. The rectum is the last several inches of the large intestine and ends at the anus.
• Rectal Bleeding
  Usually mixed with diarrhea, this blood is produced from ulcerations in the colon or in the case of Crohn's disease may also originate in the ...
• Rectal Cancer
  Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix.It is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of death among cancers in the Western world. Many colorectal cancers are thought to arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. These mushroom-like growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time. Diagnosis is by colonoscopy. ...
• Rectal Diseases
  
• Rectal Fistula
  An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the epithelialised surface of the anal canal and (usually) the perianal skin.
• Rectal itching
  
• Rectal Pain
  
• Rectocele
  A rectocele is an abnormal bulging of the rectovaginal septum (which is normally a semi-rigid divider between the rectum and vagina) into the vaginal area.
• Rectoplexy
  
• rectum -
  The last several inches of the large intestine. The rectum ends at the anus.
• recur -
  To occur again.
• recurrence -
  The return of cancer, at the same site as the original (primary) tumor or in another location, after the tumor had disappeared.
• Recurrence (repeat episodes) of candida skin infection
  
• Recurrence of athlete's foot
  
• Recurrence of stones
  
• recurrent cancer -
  Cancer that has returned after a period of time during which the cancer could not be detected. The cancer may come back to the same site as the original (primary) tumor or to another place in the body.
• Recurrent clots in the veins
  
• Recurrent ear infections
  
• Recurrent infection
  Reactivation of HSV, with or without symptoms
• Recurrent injury to the arm
  
• Recurrent or unnoticed injury to the hand
  
• Recurrent or unnoticed injury to the hand or arm due to diminished sensation
  
• red blood cell -
  RBC. A cell that carries oxygen to all parts of the body. Also called an erythrocyte.
• Red Clover
  Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a plant belonging to the Fabaceae, that is, pea family. Some variaties of this plant are used as fodder. The plant was named Trifolium pratense by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753. Trifolium means 'three leaved' while pratense is Latin for "found in meadows". Isoflavones from red clover have been used to treat the symptoms of menopause.
• Red Count
  
• red date -
  The fruit of the jujube plant. It has been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems.
• Red Koji
  
• Red Leaven
  
• Red Raspberry
  The Raspberry or Red Raspberry, (Rubus idaeus) is a plant that produces a tart, sweet, red composite fruit (not a true berry) in late summer or early autumn. The fruit is similar to that of the blackberry, but is smaller, softer, and a different color. It typically grows in forest clearings or fields, particularly where fire or wood-cutting has produced open space for colonization by this opportunistic colonizer of disturbed soil. ...
• Red Rice
  an annual grass, adapted to an aquatic habitat, that reproduces by seed. The leaves have short, stiff hairs on their upper and lower leaf surfaces. The plants tiller profusely, becoming brushier than white rice plants. Panicles are loose and open and droop slightly. The grain shatters easily when ripe. The many types include those with short, medium, or long grains; those with straw-colored, red, or black hulls; and those with short or long awns on the spikelet.
• Red Sage
  A popular Washington restaurant which gave its name to a group of publishers and librarians interested in electronic publishing which was formed at a lunch at the restaurant. The group then spawned a project by the same name. Its original parnters included an AT&T developed software called "Right Pages, the Medical School at the University of California, and several publishers of journals in radiology.
• Reduced communication skills (sometimes)
  
• Reduced function, depending on the extent of the tumor
  
• Reduced intellect (sometimes)
  
• Reduced life span
  
• Reduced lung function
  
• Reed-Sternberg cell -
  A type of cell that appears in people with Hodgkin's disease. The number of these cells increases as the disease advances.
• Reese's Pinworm
  
• Referral
  Referral n. An instance of requesting the transfer of care from one clinician (such as a doctor or nurse to another.
• Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome
  Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) — also known as complex regional pain syndrome (CPRS)— is a chronic condition characterized by severe burning pain, pathological changes in bone and skin, excessive sweating, tissue swelling, and extreme sensitivity to touch. The syndrome, which is a variant of a condition known as causalgia, is a nerve disorder that occurs at the site of an injury (most often to the arms or legs). ...
• Reflexology
  Reflexology (or zone therapy) is the practice of stimulating points on the feet, hands, or ears (termed reflex zones), in the hopes that it will have a beneficial effect on some other parts of the body, or will improve general health. The most common form is foot reflexology. The foot reflexologist applies pressure to points on a person's foot. The foot is believed by practicipants to be divided into a number of reflex zones corresponding to all parts of the body.
• reflux -
  The term used when liquid backs up into the esophagus from the stomach.
• Reflux nephropathy
  Reflux nephropathy, RN is a term applied when small and scarred kidneys (chronic pyelonephritis, CPN) are associated with vesico-ureteric reflux ...
• Refractive Errors
  hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism.
• Refractive Eye Surgery
  Although the terms Laser Eye Surgery and Refractive Surgery are commonly used as if they were interchangeable, this is not the case. Lasers may be used to treat nonrefractive conditions (e.g. to seal a retinal tear), while radial keratotomy is an example of refractive surgery without the use of a laser.
• refractory -
  In medicine, describes a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment.
• refractory cancer -
  Cancer that has not responded to treatment.
• Refractory Pain
  
• Refsum Disease
  
• Refsum Disease - Infantile
  
• Refugees
  Under international law, a refugee is a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution. They are subgroup of the broader category of displaced persons. ...
• regimen -
  A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment.
• regional -
  In oncology, describes the body area right around a tumor.
• regional cancer -
  Refers to cancer that has grown beyond the original (primary) tumor to nearby lymph nodes or organs and tissues.
• regional chemotherapy - kee-mo-THER-a-pee
  Treatment with anticancer drugs directed to a specific area of the body.
• regional enteritis -
  Inflammation of the intestines, but usually only of the small intestine. Regional enteritis increases the risk for developing colon cancer. Also called Crohn's disease.
• regional lymph node -
  In oncology, a lymph node that drains lymph from the region around a tumor.
• regional lymph node dissection -
  A surgical procedure to remove some of the lymph nodes that drain lymph from the area around a tumor. The lymph nodes are then examined under a microscope to see if cancer cells have spread to them.
• Regions
  France is divided into 26 régions: 21 of these are in the continental part of metropolitan France, one is Corse on the island of Corsica (although strictly speaking Corse is in fact a "territorial collectivity", not a région, but is referred to as a région in common speech), 4 are overseas. Régions are further subdivided into départements.
• Regitine
  
• Reglan
  Reglan (metoclopramide)
• Reglan Injection
  
• Reglan Oral
  
• Regonol Injection
  
• Regranex
  
• regression -
  A decrease in the size of a tumor or in the extent of cancer in the body.
• Regular Insulin
  A type of insulin that is quick to act, referred to as rapid-acting.
• Reguloid
  
• Regurgitation
  Regurgitation is the passive flow of stomach contents back into the esophagus and mouth.
• Regurgitation of acid or food from the stomach into the esophagus (reflux)
  
• Rehabilitation
  Penology (from the Latin poena, "punishment") comprises penitentiary science: that concerned with the processes devised and adopted for the punishment, repression, and prevention of crime, and the treatment of prisoners.
• rehabilitation specialist -
  A health care professional who helps people recover from an illness or injury and return to daily life. Examples of rehabilitation specialists are physical therapists and occupational therapists.
• Reifenstein syndrome
  Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), also referred to as androgen resistance syndrome, is a set of disorders of sex development caused by ...
• Reiki
  Reiki purports to be an energy healing therapy, which is claimed to help the body's ability to heal itself through the flow and focusing of healing energy (Reiki means universal healing energy). During treatment, this healing energy is said to be channeled through the hands of a practitioner into the client's body to restore a normal energy balance and health. Energy healing therapy has been used to attempt treatment of a wide variety of ailments and health problems and is often used in conjunction with other alternative and conventional medical treatments.
• Reiter's Syndrome
  Reiter's syndrome is the combination of three seemingly unlinked symptoms—an inflammatory arthritis of large joints, inflammation of the eyes (conjunctivitis and uveitis) and urethritis. It is named after Hans Reiter, a German military physician, who in 1916 described the disease in a World War I soldier who had recovered from a bout of diarrhea. It is also known as arthritis urethritica, venereal arthritis, reactive arthritis and polyarteritis enterica.
• Relacon HC Liquid
  
• Relafen
  nabumetone: a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (trade name Relafen)
• relapse -
  The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement.
• Relapse (return) of infection
  
• Relapse of ALL
  
• Relapse of infection
  
• Relapsing fever
  Relapsing fever (synonym: typhinia) is an infection caused by certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia. It is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted through louse or soft-bodied tick bites.
• relative survival rate -
  A specific measurement of survival. For cancer, the rate is calculated by adjusting the survival rate to remove all causes of death except cancer. The rate is determined at specific time intervals, such as 2 years and 5 years after diagnosis.
• Relaxation
  liberalization: the act of making less strict
• Relaxation & Breathing
  
• Relaxation and Meditation
  They are known to help with stress-related conditions such as migraines and peptic ulcers, but researchers also believe they help to curb smoking, relieve back pain, and curtail premenstrual syndrome. When used in conjunction with professional medical care, some believe they can also help control diabetes, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and depression.
• Relaxation Response
  
• relaxation technique -
  A method used to reduce tension and anxiety, and control pain.
• Relaxation techniques
  methods used to lessen tension, reduce anxiety, and manage pain.
• Relaxation Training
  
• Relay Services
  
• Relief
  In the art of sculpture, a relief is an artwork where a modelled form projects out of a flat background. Tensed musculature itself may be seen to be in relief. Depending on the depth involved, it may be termed a bas relief ("low relief") – as seen in numismatics – or it may be a high relief, with much undercutting, rendered almost in the round against its flat background.
• Relora
  
• Relpax
  
• Remifentanil Injection
  
• Reminyl Oral Solution
  
• remission -
  A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although cancer still may be in the body.
• remission induction therapy -
  The initial chemotherapy a person receives to bring about a remission.
• Remodulin
  
• remote brachytherapy -
  A type of internal radiation treatment in which the radioactive source is removed between treatments. Also called high-dose-rate remote brachytherapy or high-dose-rate remote radiation therapy.
• Remular-S
  
• Renal Adenocarcinoma
  
• renal artery -
  The main blood vessel that supplies blood to a kidney and its nearby adrenal gland and ureter. There is a renal artery for each kidney.
• Renal artery stenosis
  Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of the renal artery, most often caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia. ...
• Renal Calculi
  Kidney stones, also known as nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis or renal calculi, are solid accretions (crystals) of dissolved minerals in urine found inside the kidneys or ureters. They vary in size from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball. ...
• renal capsule -
  The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney.
• Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer
  
• Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer, Childhood
  
• renal cell cancer -
  The most common type of kidney cancer. It begins in the lining of the renal tubules in the kidney. The renal tubules filter the blood and produce urine. Also called hypernephroma.
• renal collecting tubule -
  The last part of a long, twisting tube that collects urine from the nephrons (cellular structures in the kidney that filter blood and form urine) and moves it into the renal pelvis and ureters. Also called collecting duct.
• Renal failure
  Renal failure is the condition where the kidneys fail to function properly. It can broadly be divided into two categories: acute renal failure and chronic renal failure. ...
• renal fascia -
  A fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney. Also called Gerota's fascia and Gerota's capsule.
• renal glomerulus -
  A tiny, round cluster of blood vessels within the kidneys. It filters the blood to reabsorb useful materials and remove waste as urine.
• Renal lithiasis
  nephrolithiasis: the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
• Renal Osteodystrophy
  Generalized changes in the bone that resemble osteomalacia and rickets; occurs in those with chronic renal failure.
• Renal papillary necrosis
  Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla, which is supplied by the vasa recta.
• renal pelvis -
  The area at the center of the kidney. Urine collects here and is funneled into the ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder.
• Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Transitional Cell Cancer
  
• renal tubular acidosis - REE-nal TOO-bu-lar as-ih-DO-sis
  A rare disorder in which structures in the kidney that filter the blood are impaired, producing urine that is more acid than normal.
• Renal vein thrombosis
  Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is the formation of a clot or thrombus obstructing the renal vein, leading to a reduction in drainage of the kidney.
• Renin
  Renin, also known as angiotensinogenase, is a circulating enzyme (EC 3.4.23.15) released mainly by the kidneys in response to low blood volume or low body NaCl content.
• Renovascular hypertension
  Renovascular hypertension (or "renal hypertension") is a syndrome which consists of high blood pressure caused by narrowing of the arteries ...
• ReoPro
  Abciximab (previously known as c7E3 Fab), manufactured by Centocor and distributed by Eli Lilly under the trade name ReoPro®, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor mainly used during and after coronary artery procedures like angioplasty to prevent platelets from sticking together and causing thrombus (blood clot) formation within the coronary artery. Its mechanism of action is inhibition of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa.
• Repaglinide
  
• Repan
  
• Repeated episodes of bleeding in the brain
  
• Repeated injuries
  
• Repeated or unnoticed injury to an area of the body
  
• Repetitive Motion Disorders
  
• Repetitive Stress Injuries
  
• replicate -
  To make a copy or duplicate of something.
• replication cycle -
  In biology, refers to the reproduction cycle of viruses. A repliction cycle begins with the infection of a host cell and ends with the release of mature progeny virus particles.
• Reproduction and Sexual Health
  
• reproductive cell -
  An egg or sperm cell. Each mature reproductive cell carries a single set of 23 chromosomes.
• Reproductive Health
  — State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health therefore implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. ...
• Reproductive Rights
  Reproductive rights refers to rights in all areas of reproduction. This includes issues related to rights to reproduce (see, for example forced sterilization) as well as rights not to reproduce, (see, for example abortion and birth control). It is a controversial term, typically used in a context supportive of the choices of pregnant women.
• reproductive system -
  In women, this system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus (womb), the cervix, and the vagina (birth canal). The reproductive system in men includes the prostate, the testes, and the penis.
• Reptiles, Infections from
  
• Requip
  
• Rescon-GG Liquid
  
• Rescula
  
• Research
  REsearch is a United States magazine and book publisher, based in San Francisco, founded and edited by V. Vale in 1980. It was the successor to Vale's earlier punk rock fanzine Search & Destroy (1977–1979).
• Research on West Nile Virus
  
• Research Updates in Kidney and Urologic Health
  
• resectable - ree-SEK-tuh-bull
  Part or all of an organ that can be removed with surgery.
• resected -
  Surgical removal of part or all of an organ.
• resection - ree-SEK-shun
  Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery.
• Resectisol
  
• Reserpine
  Reserpine is a drug known to indirectly stimulate dopamine release in the brain. This leads to depletion of the neurotransmitter and subsequent depression in humans.
• Residual brain damage
  
• residual disease -
  Cancer cells that remain after attempts to remove the cancer have been made.
• Residual narrowing of the aorta
  
• resistance -
  Failure of a cancer to shrink after treatment.
• resorption -
  A process in which a substance, such as tissue, is lost by being destroyed and then absorbed by the body.
• Respa-DM Tablets
  
• Respahist capsules
  
• Respaire-120
  
• Respaire-60
  
• Respbid
  
• RespiGam
  
• Respirators
  
• Respiratory
  Relating to breathing or the lungs.
• Respiratory acidosis
  Respiratory acidosis is acidosis (abnormal decrease in the pH of the blood) due to decreased ventilation of the pulmonary alveoli, leading to elevated arterial carbon dioxide concentration (PaCO2).
• Respiratory alkalosis
  Respiratory alkalosis results from increased alveolar respiration (hyperventilation) leading to decreased plasma carbon dioxide concentration. This leads to decreased hydrogen ion and freely ionized blood calcium concentrations.
• Respiratory arrest
  Respiratory arrest is the cessation of breathing. It is a medical emergency and it usually is related to or coincides with a cardiac arrest. ...
• Respiratory arrest (no breathing)
  Respiratory arrest is the cessation of breathing. It is a medical emergency and it usually is related to or coincides with a cardiac arrest. ...
• Respiratory Depression
  In medicine, hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo means "below") to perform needed ...
• Respiratory difficulties from obstruction due to large tongue
  
• Respiratory Diseases
  French: Maladie respiratoire
• Respiratory Diseases (General)
  French: Maladie respiratoire
• Respiratory distress
  The term respiratory failure, in medicine, is used to describe inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, with the result that arterial ...
• Respiratory failure
  The term respiratory failure, in medicine, is used to describe inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, with the result that arterial ...
• Respiratory Health
  
• Respiratory Infection
  respiratory tract infection: any infection of the respiratory tract
• Respiratory infections
  Respiratory infections occur by coming in contact with infectious material from another individual or inanimate object. ...
• respiratory syncytial virus -
  RSV. A virus that causes respiratory infections with cold-like symptoms.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
  The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes a common viral infection of infants and young children. For most children, RSV produces only mild symptoms, often indistinguishable from common colds and minor illnesses. For some children, however, RSV can cause severe respiratory illness leading to hospitalization and, rarely, death. This is more likely to occur in patients that are immunocompromised or infants born prematurely.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin (RSV-IGIV)
  
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
  
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
  
• respiratory system - RES-pih-ra-tor-ee
  The organs that are involved in breathing. These include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Also known as the respiratory tract.
• respiratory therapy - RES-pih-ra-tor-ee
  Exercises and treatments that help improve or restore lung function.
• respiratory tract -
  The organs that are involved in breathing. These include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Also known as the respiratory system.
• Respiratory/pulmonary/lung Diseases And Disorders
  
• response -
  In medicine, an improvement related to treatment.
• response rate -
  The percentage of patients whose cancer shrinks or disappears after treatment.
• Restasis
  Cyclosporine, Ciclosporin (INN), or cyclosporin (former BAN), is an immunosuppressant drug. It is used post-allogenic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It has been studied in transplants of skin, heart, kidney, lung, pancreas, bone marrow and small intestine. Cyclosporine is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide of 11 amino acids produced by the fungus Hypocladium inflatum gams, initially isolated from a Norwegian soil sample.
• resting -
  In biology, refers to a cell that is not dividing.
• Restless Leg Syndrome
  Wittmaack-Ekbom or restless leg(s) syndrome is a disorder of the nervous system that affects sensation and movement in the legs and causes the limbs to feel uncomfortable. Relief can be temporarily gained by moving the legs which cause sufferers to seem fidgety and restless. It can affect up to 15 percent of the American population.
• Restless Legs Syndro
  
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a form of cardiomyopathy in which the walls are rigid, and the heart is restricted from stretching and filling ...
• Reteplase
  (ret·e·plase) (ret¢[schwa]-pl[amacr]s) recombinant plasminogen activator; a mutant of alteplase having a longer half-life than the parent compound, used investigationally as a thrombolytic agent in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
• Retinal artery occlusion
  The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the ...
• Retinal Detachment
  Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue.
• Retinal Disorders
  
• Retinal vein occlusion
  (RVO) is the second leading cause of blindness (among retinal vascular disorders) after diabetic retinopathy. ...
• Retinitis
  inflammation of the retina
• Retinitis pigmentosa
  Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of genetic eye conditions. In the progression of symptoms for RP, night blindness generally precedes tunnel ...
• retinoblastoma -
  An eye cancer that most often occurs in children younger than 5 years. It occurs in hereditary and nonhereditary (sporadic) forms.
• retinoid -
  Vitamin A or a vitamin A-like compound.
• retinol -
  Vitamin A. It is essential for proper vision and healthy skin and mucous membranes. Retinol is being studied for cancer prevention; it belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids.
• Retinopathy
  Retinopathy is a general term that refers to some form of non-inflammatory damage to the retina of the eye. Most commonly it is a problem with the blood supply that is the cause for this condition.Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease.
• Retinopathy of Prematurity
  Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease of the eye that affects prematurely born babies. It is thought to be caused by disorganised growth of retinal blood vessels resulting in scarring and retinal detachment. ROP is often mild and may resolve spontaneously, but can lead to blindness in serious cases. Oxygen toxicity may contribute to the development of retinopathy.
• retinyl palmitate -
  A drug being studied in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids.
• Retirement
  Retirement is the status of a worker who has stopped working. This usually happens upon reaching a determined age, when physical conditions don't allow the person to work any more (by illness or accident), or even for personal choice (usually in the presence of an adequate pension). The retirement with a pension is considered a right of the worker in many societies, and hard ideological, social, cultural and political battles have been fought for this right to be granted. ...
• Retrocalcaneal bursitis
  This bursa is located between the heel bone and the Achilles tendon. Irritation and inflammation of this bursa result in pain, tenderness and ...
• Retrograde ejaculation
  In the human male reproductive system, retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen, which would normally be ejaculated via the urethra, is redirected ...
• retroperitoneal - RET-row-PAIR-ih-toe-NEE-ul
  Having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen).
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis
  Retroperitoneal fibrosis or Ormond's disease is a disease featuring the proliferation of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneum, the compartment of ...
• Retropharyngeal abscess
  A retropharyngeal abscess is an abscess in the tissues in the back of the throat, the retropharyngeal space. ...
• retropubic prostatectomy - re-tro-PYOO-bik pros-ta-TEK-toe-mee
  Surgery to remove the prostate through an incision made in the abdominal wall.
• retrospective -
  Looking back at events that have already taken place.
• retrospective cohort study -
  A research study in which the medical records of groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) are compared for a particular outcome (such as lung cancer). Also called a historic cohort study.
• retrospective study -
  A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls). Researchers study the medical and lifestyle histories of the people in each group to learn what factors may be associated with the disease or condition. For example, one group may have been exposed to a particular substance that the other was not. Also called a case-control study.
• Retroversion of the uterus
  
• Retrovir Capsule
  
• Retrovir Injection
  
• Retrovir Oral Syrup
  
• retroviral vector -
  RNA from a virus that is used to insert genetic material into cells.
• retrovirus -
  A type of virus that has RNA instead of DNA as its genetic material. It uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to become part of the host cells’ DNA. This allows many copies of the virus to be made in the host cells. The virus that causes AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a type of retrovirus.
• Retrovirus-Associated Myelopathy
  
• Rett syndrome
  Rett syndrome is a disorder of brain development that occurs almost exclusively in girls. After 6-18 months of apparently normal development, affected girls develop problems with language, learning, coordination, and other brain functions. Repeated hand wringing or washing motions are characteristic of this condition. Research suggests that Rett syndrome occurs most often in females. Males with mutations in the related gene, MECP2, often die before birth or in infancy.
• Return (recurrence) of infection
  
• Return of bleeding after treatment
  
• Return of the infection (relapse or disease recurrence)
  
• Reverse Diet
  
• Reversol
  
• Revex
  
• ReVia
  
• RevM10 gene -
  An antiviral gene being studied for treatment of cancer in patients who have HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
• Reye Syndrome
  Reye's syndrome is a potentially fatal disease that causes numerous detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver.
• RFP Solicitations
  
• Rh incompatibility
  Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or Erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a fetus, when the IgG molecules (one of the five main types of the antibodies) that have been produced by the mother and ...
• rhabdoid tumor -
  A malignant tumor of either the central nervous system (CNS) or the kidney. Malignant rhabdoid tumors of the CNS often have an abnormality of chromosome 22. These tumors usually occur in children younger than 2 years.
• Rhabdomyolysis
  Rhabdomyolysis is the rapid breakdown (lysis) of skeletal muscle tissue (rhabdomyo) due to injury to muscle tissue. The muscle damage may be caused by physical (e.g., crush injury), chemical, or biological factors. ...
• rhabdomyosarcoma -
  A malignant tumor of muscle tissue.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma, Childhood
  
• Rhamnus cathartica
  De wegedoorn (Rhamnus cathartica) is een plant uit de wegedoornfamilie (Rhamnaceae). Het is een struik of kleine boom die tot 6 meter hoog kan worden. De plant groeit vanaf Zuid-Scandinavië in bijna geheel Europa, maar niet rond de Middellandse Zee. De wegedoorn komt vooral voor in bossen en aan bosranden en in struikgewas. De plant prefereert een kalkhoudende grond. In Nederland is de wegedoorn vrij zeldzaam, maar komt wel voor in de duinen en krijtgebied.
• Rhamnus frangula
  (Frangula alnus)
• Rhamnus purshiana
  The Buckthorns Rhamnus are a genus (or two genera, if Frangula is treated as distinct) of about 100 species of shrubs or small trees from 1-10 m tall (rarely to 15 m), in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae. They are native throughout the temperate and subtropical Northern Hemisphere, and also more locally in the subtropical Southern Hemisphere in parts of Africa and South America.
• Rheumatic Disease
  any one of over 100 disorders that cause chronic joint pain
• Rheumatic fever
  Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease which may develop after an infection with streptococcus bacteria (such as strep throat or scarlet fever) and can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain.
• rheumatism -
  A group of disorders marked by inflammation or pain in the connective tissue structures of the body. These structures include bone, cartilage, and fat.
• Rheumatoid Factor
  Rheumatoid factor (RF) is a blood test performed in patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is an antibody against IgG, which is itself an antibody; RF and IgG form immune complexes, which are part of the disease process of various rheumatological diseases.
• Rheumatoid lung disease
  
• Rheumatoid spondylitis
  ankylosing spondylitis: a chronic form of spondylitis primarily in males and marked by impaired mobility of the spine; sometimes leads to ankylosis
• Rhinitis
  Rhinitis is the medical term describing irritation and inflammation of the nose. Symptoms include a runny nose, sneezing, congestion and irritation in the nose, eyes, throat and ears. It is related to and often occurs together with other disorders such as asthma and sinusitis.
• Rhinocort
  Budesonide is a corticosteroid for the treatment of asthma, non-infectious rhinitis (including hay fever and other allergies), and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. Additionally, it is used for inflammatory bowel disease. It is marketed by AstraZeneca as a nasal inhalation with the brand name Rhinocort, as an oral inhalation with the brand name Pulmicort, and as an enema and a modified-release capsule with the brand name Entocort. ...
• Rhinophyma
  Rhinophyma is a descriptive term for a large, bulbous, ruddy appearance of the nose caused by granulomatous infiltration, commonly due to ...
• Rhinoplasty
  Rhinoplasty is a type of cosmetic surgery that is used to improve the appearance of a person's nose. It is commonly called a "nose job."Rhinos is the Greek word for nose and plastikos to shape, so literally it means to "shape the nose".
• rhinoscope -
  A thin lighted tube used to examine the nose. Also called a nasoscope.
• rhinoscopy -
  A procedure in which a thin, lighted tube is inserted into the nose to look for abnormal areas. Also called nasoscopy.
• Rhinosyn-DMX Syrup
  
• rhizoxin -
  An anticancer drug isolated from a fungus. It is similar to the family of drugs called vinca alkaloids.
• Rho (D) Immune Globulin
  
• Rhode Island
  The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (commonly known as Rhode Island) is geographically the smallest state in the United States, while also the state with the longest official name. Rhode (pronounced "Road") Island is part of the New England region, and was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. ...
• RhoGAM
  Medication given during pregnancy and following delivery to prevent isoimmunization.
• Rhophylac
  
• Rhythmol SR
  
• Rib Pain
  
• Ribasphere
  
• ribavirin -
  A drug used to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the lungs.
• Ribavirin and Interferon alfa-2b, recombinant
  
• Ribavirin Capsules
  
• Ribavirin Inhalation
  
• Ribavirin Oral Solution
  
• Ribavirin Tablets
  
• Riboflavin
  Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B or vitamin G, is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. ...
• ribonucleic acid -
  RNA. One of the two types of nucleic acids found in all cells. The other is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Ribonucleic acid transmits genetic information from DNA to proteins produced by the cell.
• ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor -
  A family of anticancer drugs that interfere with the growth of tumor cells by blocking the formation of deoxyribonucleotides (building blocks of DNA).
• Rice Diet Program
  
• Richard Simmons
  Richard Simmons (born July 12, 1948 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is a fitness guru and celebrity.
• Richard Simmons Diet
  
• Ricin
  The protein ricin (pronounced rye-sin) is a poison manufactured from the castor bean (Ricinus communis). Its name comes from the seed's resemblance to the tick. Ricin can be extracted from castor beans and is known to have an average lethal dose of 0.2 milligrams (1/5,000th of a gram), though some sources give higher figures. It is considered to be twice as deadly as cobra venom.
• Rickets
  Rickets is a disorder of infancy and early childhood of multiple etiologies. Rickets, causing soft bones, may occur if enough vitamin D is not present to assist in calcium absorption. When enough calcium is not absorbed by the bone, it does not harden properly, and is too soft to support the weight of the growing body properly. The disease of rickets takes its name from the Greek word for spine, rhakhis.
• Rickettsia rickettsii Infection
  
• Rickettsial Diseases
  
• Rickettsial pox
  
• Rid
  Robots in Disguise are an English, now Berlin-based, electro band. The group is composed of Dee Plume (vocals, guitars), Sue Denim (vocals, bass ...
• Ridaura
  
• Rifabutin
  (rif·a·bu·tin) (rif²[schwa]-bu¢tin) [USP] an antibacterial derived from rifamycin S, used for the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection; administered orally.
• Rifadin Injection
  
• rifampin -
  A drug that is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to the family of drugs called antibiotics.
• Rifampin Injection
  
• Rift Valley Fever
  Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis (affects primarily domestic livestock, but can be passed to humans) causing fever. It is spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The disease is caused by the RVF virus, a member of the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae). The disease was first reported among livestock in Kenya around 1915, but the virus was not isolated until 1931. ...
• Right-sided heart failure
  A disease of the heart characterized by enlargement of the right ventricle.
• Riley-Day Syndrome
  (Ri·ley-Day syndrome) (ri¢le-da) [Conrad Milton Riley, American pediatrician, born 1913; Richard Lawrence Day, American pediatrician, born 1905] dysautonomia.
• Rilutek
  The only FDA-approved drug available to treat ALS. It inhibits glutamate release, and prolongs life approximately three months. Riluzole is the generic name of Rilutek.
• Riluzole
  Riluzole is a drug used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It delays the onset of ventilator-dependence in selected patients and may increase survival by approximately two months. A Cochrane Library review states a 9% gain in the probability of surviving one year. In secondary analyses of survival at separate time points, there was a significant survival advantage with Riluzole 100 mg at six, nine, 12 and 15 months, but not at three or 18 months. ...
• Rimantadine
  Rimantadine is an orally administered medicine used to treat, and in rare cases prevent, type A influenza. When taken within one to two days of developing symptoms, rimantadine can shorten the duration and moderate the severity of influenza.
• Rimantadine Oral Syrup
  
• Rimexolone Ophthalmic Drops
  
• Ringing In Ears
  
• Ringing in the ear
  
• Ringworm Infection
  
• Ringworm of the body
  
• Ringworm of the foot
  
• Riomet
  
• Riopan
  
• Riot Control Agents
  
• risedronate - ris-ED-roe-nate
  A substance that is being studied in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. It belongs to the family of drugs called bone resorption inhibitors.
• risk factor -
  Something that may increase the chance of developing a disease. Some examples of risk factors for cancer include age, a family history of certain cancers, use of tobacco products, certain eating habits, obesity, exposure to radiation or other cancer-causing agents, and certain genetic changes.
• Risk Factors
  Habits or characteristics which can increase the likelihood of developing heart disease. See risk factors. Non-modifiable risk factors (risk factors that cannot be changed): Family history of coronary disease or stroke Age Sex
• Risperdal Consta
  
• Risperdal Oral Solution
  
• Risperidone
  Risperidone (Belivon, Rispen, Risperdal) is an atypical antipsychotic medication. It is most often used to treat delusional psychosis (including schizophrenia), but is also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (as well as other members of the atypical antipsychotic family), and has shown some success in treating symptoms of Asperger's Syndrome and autism. ...
• Risperidone Injection
  
• Risperidone Oral Solution
  
• Ritodrine
  Ritodrine hydrochloride (trade name Yutopar) is a tocolytic drug, used to stop premature labor. It is available in oral tablets or as an injection.
• Ritodrine Injection
  
• ritonavir -
  A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called protease inhibitors. It interferes with the ability of a virus to make copies of itself.
• Ritonavir Oral Solution
  
• rituximab -
  A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy. Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells.
• Rivastigmine
  An RCT of rivastigmine showed treatment benefits similar to the galantamine trial. 23 A clinical scale—the Modified Hachinski Ischemic Score 40 —was used to identify patients with AD who also had concurrent vascular risk factors, focal neurological symptoms or signs suggestive of prior stroke, or a history of strokes. ...
• Rivastigmine Oral Solution
  
• River Blindness
  Onchocerciasis or river blindness is the world's second leading infectious cause of blindness. It is caused by Onchocerca volvulus, a parasitic worm that can live for up to fourteen years in the human body.
• Rizatriptan
  Rizatriptan (Maxalt®) is a triptan drug developed by Merck & Co. for the treatment of migraine headaches. It is available in strengths of 5 and 10 mg as tablets and orally disintegrating tablets (Maxalt-MLT).
• Rizatriptan Disintegrating Tablets
  
• RK-0202 -
  A substance that is being studied in the prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving radiation therapy or chemotherapy for head and neck cancer.
• RMP-7 -
  A substance that is being studied for its ability to help other drugs reach the brain. It belongs to the family of drugs called bradykinin agonists. Also called lobradimil.
• RMS
  RMS may mean: *root mean square, a concept in statistics and electronics*Richard M. Stallman, a computer programmer and founder of the GNU project. ...
• RMSF
  Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most severe and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the United States, and has been diagnosed throughout the Americas. Some synonyms for Rocky Mountain spotted fever in other countries include "tick typhus", "Tobia fever" (Columbia), "São Paulo fever" and "fiebre maculosa" (Brazil), and "fiebre manchada" (Mexico). The disease is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a species of bacteria that is spread to humans by hard ticks (Ixodidae). ...
• RNA -
  Ribonucleic acid. One of the two types of nucleic acids found in all cells. The other is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA transmits genetic information from DNA to proteins produced by the cell.
• Ro 31-7453 -
  An anticancer drug that may prevent cancer cells from dividing.
• Ro 50-3821 -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of anemia in patients who are receiving chemotherapy. It is a form of erythropoietin (a substance produced in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells) that has been changed in the laboratory. Also called methoxypolyethylene glycol epoetin beta.
• Robafen AC Cough Syrup
  
• Robafen CF Syrup
  
• Robafen DM Syrup
  
• Robafen PE Liquid
  
• Robaxin
  methocarbamol: muscle relaxant for skeletal muscles (trade name Robaxin) used to treat spasms
• Robaxin Injection
  
• Robinul Injection
  
• Robitussin AC Syrup
  
• Robitussin CF Syrup
  
• Robitussin Cough
  
• Robitussin DM Syrup
  
• Robitussin Maximum Strength Cough
  
• Robitussin PE Liquid
  
• Rocaltrol Solution
  
• Rocephin
  ceftriaxone: a parenteral cephalosporin (trade name Rocephin) used for severe infection of the lungs or throat or ears or urinary tract
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
  Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most severe and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the United States, and has been diagnosed throughout the Americas. Some synonyms for Rocky Mountain spotted fever in other countries include "tick typhus", "Tobia fever" (Columbia), "São Paulo fever" and "fiebre maculosa" (Brazil), and "fiebre manchada" (Mexico). The disease is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a species of bacteria that is spread to humans by hard ticks (Ixodidae). ...
• Rocuronium
  
• Rodeo
  Rodeo is a traditional folk North American sport with influences from the history of Mexican vaqueros (cowboys) and American cowboys. Rodeo events include the rough stock events bull riding, bareback bronc riding, saddle bronc riding, the timed events steer wrestling, team roping, calf roping, the rarely seen steer roping, and women's barrel racing, breakaway roping, goat roping and pole bending. The participants include cowboys, cowgirls and also rodeo clowns or bull fighters. ...
• rofecoxib -
  A substance used for pain relief that is also being studied for its ability to prevent cancer and to block the growth of new blood vessels to solid tumors. It belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Rofecoxib Oral Suspension
  
• Rogaine
  Rogaine (also branded as Regaine outside the US) is the brand name for Minoxidil, when used as a topical drug to treat male pattern baldness. The solution is applied to the scalp daily to stimulate hair growth and help prevent hair loss. It is available over-the-counter (OTC) in the U.S. in a 2% Minoxidil solution and also 5% Minoxidil solution (Rogaine Extra Strength).
• Romania
  Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast; Hungary in the west; Serbia and Bulgaria to the south along the Danube River. Romania has a stretch of sea coast on the Black Sea and the eastern and southern Carpathians mountains run through its center.
• Romano-Ward syndrome
  Romano-Ward syndrome is a condition that causes a disruption of the heart's normal rhythm (arrhythmia). This disorder is a form of long QT syndrome, which is a heart condition that causes the cardiac muscle to take longer than usual to recharge between beats. If untreated, the irregular heartbeats can lead to fainting (syncope), seizures, or sudden death.
• Romazicon
  Flumazenil (flumazepil, Anexate®, Lanexat®, Mazicon®, Romazicon®) is a benzodiazepine antagonist, used as an antidote in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. It reverses the effects of benzodiazepines by competitive inhibition of benzodiazepine receptors.
• Romilar AC Syrup
  
• Rondec Chewable Tablet
  
• Rondec Oral Drops
  
• Rondec Syrup
  
• Rondec Tablets
  
• Rondec-DM Drops
  
• Rondec-TR Tablets
  
• Roofing
  the craft of a roofer
• Root Canal
  The root canal is the hollow area at the center of a tooth. In dentistry, a pulpectomy is an endodontic treatment to cure an infection of the root canal; informally a root canal.
• Root Canals
  
• Rope Skipping
  Jump rope, also known as skipping rope or skip rope, is a game played primarily by children and primarily by girls in which one or more children jump over a spinning rope so that it passes under their feet and over their heads. This may consist of one child twirling and jumping the rope, or at least three children taking turns, two of which twirl the rope while one jumps. If the latter is played with two twirling ropes, it is called Double dutch, and is significantly more difficult.
• Ropinirole
  
• Ropivacaine
  
• Rosa species
  
• Rosacea
  Rosacea (roh-ZAY-shuh) is a common but often misunderstood condition that is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide. It begins as flushing and redness on the central face and across the cheeks, nose, or forehead but can also less commonly affect the neck, chest, scalp or ears. ...
• Rosacea (Adult Acne)
  Rosacea (roh-ZAY-shuh) is a common but often misunderstood condition that is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide. It begins as flushing and redness on the central face and across the cheeks, nose, or forehead but can also less commonly affect the neck, chest, scalp or ears. ...
• Rose Haws
  
• Rose Heps
  
• Rose Hips
  Extract of various species of wild roses, rich in vitamin C.
• Rosemary
  Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves that are used in cooking. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which also includes many other herbs. Forms range from upright to trailing; the upright forms can reach 1.5 m tall, rarely 2 m. The leaves are evergreen, 2-4 cm long and 2-5 mm broad, green above, and white below with dense short woolly hairs. ...
• Roseola
  Exanthem subitum (meaning sudden rash), also referred to as roseola infantum, sixth disease and (confusingly) baby measles, is a benign disease of children, generally under two years old, whose manifestations are usually limited to a transient rash ("exanthum") that occurs following a fever of about three day's duration.
• rosiglitazone -
  A drug taken to help reduce the amount of sugar in the blood. Rosiglitazone helps make insulin more effective and improves regulation of blood sugar. It belongs to the family of drugs called thiazolidinediones.
• Rosiglitazone and Metformin
  
• Rotation Diet
  
• Rotator Cuff
  The rotator cuff is an anatomical term given to the group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.
• Rotator Cuff Injuries
  
• Rotator cuff injury
  
• Rotator cuff tendinitis
  
• Rotavirus
  Rotaviruses are a genus of viruses belonging to the Reoviridae family. They have a genome consisting of 11 double-stranded RNA segments surrounded by a distinctive two-layered protein capsid. Particles are up to 100 nm in diameter and have a buoyant density of 1.36 g/ml in CsCl. Six antigenic groups have been identified, three of which (groups A, B, and C) infect humans.
• Rotavirus Infections
  Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice. [1]
• Rotavirus Vaccine
  
• Rotavirus Vaccine &
  
• Rotor Syndrome
  Rotor syndrome is a rare, relatively benign autosomal recessive bilirubin disorder of unknown origin.
• Rounders
  Rounders is a sport which originated in the United Kingdom. A team consists of a maximum of 15 players and a minimum of 6 of whom no more than 9 may be on the field at one time. The teams try to score points ("rounders") by completing a circuit of posts. The sport is very old and it has been documented as early as the seventeenth century. Baseball and softball evolved from rounders (see origins of baseball); the earliest literary mention of rounders calls the game "base-ball". ...
• Roundworm Infection, Intestinal
  
• Rowasa
  
• Roxanol
  
• Roxanol 100 Solution
  
• Roxanol Solution
  
• Roxanol T Solution
  
• Roxicet Oral Solution
  
• Roxicodone Intensol Solution
  
• Roxicodone Solution
  
• RPI.4610 -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors.
• RPR 109881A -
  A drug that belongs to the family of anticancer drugs called taxanes.
• RSDS
  
• RSR13 -
  A drug that may increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy. Also called efaproxiral.
• RSV -
  Respiratory syncytial virus. A virus that causes respiratory infections with cold-like symptoms.
• RSV Infections
  
• Rubella
  Rubella (also known as epidemic roseola, German measles or three-day measles) is a disease caused by the Rubella virus. It is often mild and an attack can pass unnoticed. However, this can make the virus difficult to diagnose. The virus usually enters the body through the nose or throat. The disease can last 1-5 days. Children recover more quickly than adults. ...
• Rubella (German Measles) Vaccine
  
• Rubella Vaccine and Chronic Arthropathy
  
• Rubella Virus Infection
  
• Rubeola
  Measles, also known as rubeola, is a common disease caused by a virus of the genus Morbillivirus.
• Rubesol-1000
  
• Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
  Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe mental retardation, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Other features of the disorder vary among affected individuals. People with this condition have an increased risk of developing noncancerous and cancerous tumors, leukemia (cancer of blood-forming tissue), and lymphoma (cancer of immune system cells).
• Rubus idaeus
  The Raspberry or Red Raspberry, (Rubus idaeus) is a plant that produces a tart, sweet, red composite fruit (not a true berry) in late summer or early autumn. The fruit is similar to that of the blackberry, but is smaller, softer, and a different color. It typically grows in forest clearings or fields, particularly where fire or wood-cutting has produced open space for colonization by this opportunistic colonizer of disturbed soil. ...
• Rue
  Rue (Ruta) is a genus of strongly scented evergreen subshrubs 20-60 cm tall, in the family Rutaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia and southwest Asia. Different authors accept between 8-40 species in the genus. The most well-known species is the Common Rue.
• Rumination disorder
  Rumination Syndrome is a rare, but under-diagnosed chronic eating disorder, which normally affects only infants and the mentally handicapped. ...
• Rumors
  Rumors is a farce by Neil Simon. It premiered on stage in 1988, and was first published by Random House in 1990.
• Runaways
  Runaways is a comic book about six teenagers who discover their parents were secretly a group of super-villains called The Pride. It was created by writer Brian K. Vaughan and artist Adrian Alphona, and is published monthly by Marvel Comics.
• Running
  Running is by definition the fastest means for an animal to move on foot. It is defined in sporting terms as a gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground at the same time. It is a form of aerobic exercise.
• Rupture
  Rupture or ductile rupture describes the ultimate failure of tough ductile materials loaded in tension. ...
• Ruptured eardrum
  
• Rural Health And Rural Areas
  
• Rural Health Concerns
  
• Russell-Silver syndrome
  Silver-Russell dwarfism, also called Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) or Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) is a growth disorder occurring in ...
• Russia
  The Russian Federation (, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. With an area of 17,075,400 km² (6,595,600 mi²), it is the largest country in the world, covering almost twice the territory of the next-largest nation, Canada. ...
• Russian Airforce Diet
  
• Russian Root
  
• Rwanda
  Rwanda is a small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of central Africa. It is bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. Its fertile and hilly terrain, which give it the title "Land of a Thousand Hills", supports one of the densest populations in Africa. It is best known to the outside world for the 1994 Rwandan genocide that resulted in the deaths of up to one million people.