Definitions

• n en españ
  
• né
  
• N-acetyl Glucosamine
  
• N-acetylcysteine -
  An antioxidant drug that may keep cancer cells from developing or reduce the risk of growth of existing cancer.
• N-acetyldinaline -
  A substance that is being studied as an anticancer drug in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Also called CI-994.
• N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine -
  A substance that is used in cancer research to cause bladder tumors in laboratory animals. This is done to test new diets, drugs, and procedures for use in cancer prevention and treatment.
• Nabothian cyst
  a cyst that forms in the nabothian glands of the uterine cervix
• Nabumetone
  a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (trade name Relafen)
• NaCN
  
• Nadolol
  Nadolol (Corgard) is a non-selective beta-blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure and chest pain.
• Nadolol and Bendroflumethiazide
  
• Naegleria Infection
  
• Nafcillin
  a penicillinase-resistant form of penicillin (trade name Nafcil) used (usually in the form of its sodium salt) to treat infections caused by penicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci
• Nafcillin Sodium Injection
  
• Naftifine Hydrochloride Topical
  
• Naftin
  
• Nail Diseases
  Nail diseases are in a separate category from diseases of the skin. Although nails are a skin appendage, they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions. Nail conditions that show signs of infection or inflammation require medical assistance and cannot be treated at a beauty parlor. Deformity or disease of the nails may be referred to as onychosis.
• Nail Disorders
  
• Nail fungal infection
  
• Nail fungus
  
• Nails
  (tinea unguium) – Causes fingernails and toenails to become yellow, thick, and crumbly.
• Nalbuphine Injection
  
• Naldecon Senior DX Liquid
  
• Nallpen
  
• Nalmefene
  
• naloxone -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for constipation caused by narcotic medications. It belongs to the family of drugs called narcotic antagonists.
• Naloxone Injection
  
• Naltrexone
  Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist used primarily in the management of alcohol dependence and opioid dependence. Naltrexone is also in use as an "off-label" experimental cancer treatment, for multiple sclerosis, HIV/AIDs, and other immune-system diseases. Although fully controlled human trials have not been carried out, in-vitro and animal experiments suggest potential benefits for cancer patients. ...
• Namibia
  The country that borders Angola to the south. Formerly known as South West Africa, it was a territory of the Republic of South Africa until 1989. Namibia served first as a staging ground for South African military support of UNITA, and later as a staging ground for MPLA military support. Many Christians in Namibia have worked to bring the gospel of Christ across the border into Angola.
• Nandrolone Decanoate Injection
  
• nanogram -
  A measure of weight. One nanogram weighs a billion times less than one gram, and almost a trillion-times less than a pound.
• Naphazoline
  Naphazoline (in the hydrochloride form) is the common name for 2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride. It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrenergic activity. It is a vasoconstrictor with a rapid action in reducing swelling when applied to mucous membrane. ...
• Naprosyn Suspension
  
• Naproxen
  Naproxen (trade names: Aleve, Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naprelan) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used for the reduction of mild to moderate pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, injury, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body.
• Naproxen Oral Suspension
  
• Narcan
  Naloxone is a drug used to counter the effects of overdosing on opioids such as heroin and morphine. It is marketed under trade names including Narcan, Nalone, and Narcanti.
• Narcissistic personality disorder
  Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder that is characterized by extreme feelings of self-importance, a high need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. NPD can be considered as a pathological form of narcissism. It is estimated that 0.7-1% of the general population are afflicted with NPD. Most people with NPD (50-75%, according to the DSM) are men.
• narcotic -
  An agent that causes insensibility or stupor; usually refers to opioids given to relieve pain.
• Naropin
  
• Narrowing (stricture) in the colon or fistula formation
  
• Nasacort
  
• Nasacort AQ
  
• nasal -
  By or having to do with the nose.
• Nasal Cancer
  
• Nasal Cavity
  The nasal cavity is a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. The nasal cavity is important in warming and cleaning the air as it is inhaled. The nasal cavity also contains organs involved in olfaction.
• Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer
  
• Nasal Cavity Cancer
  
• Nasal deformities
  
• Nasal Disorders
  
• Nasal polyps
  Nasal polyps are polypoidal masses arising mainly from the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Nasal polyps are usually classified into antrochaonal polyps and ethmoidal polyps. Antrochaonal polyps arise from the maxillary sinuses and the ethmoidal polyps arise from the ethmoidal sinuses. Antrochoanal polyps are usually single and unilateral whereas ethmoidal polyps are multiple and bilateral. ...
• Nasalcrom
  Cromolyn sodium (also called sodium cromoglycate) is a mast cell stabilizing drug. It is available as a nasal spray (Nasalcrom®) to treat allergic rhinitis, as an inhaler (Intal®) to treat asthma, as eye drops (Opticrom®) for allergic conjunctivitis, or in an oral form (Gastrocrom®) to treat mastocytosis).
• Nasarel
  
• Nascobal
  
• Nasolide (Removed from Market)
  
• Nasonex
  
• Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Childhood
  
• nasopharynx - NAY-zo-fair-inks
  The upper part of the throat behind the nose. An opening on each side of the nasopharynx leads into the ear.
• nasoscope -
  A thin lighted tube used to examine the nose. Also called a rhinoscope.
• nasoscopy -
  A procedure in which a thin, lighted tube is inserted into the nose to look for abnormal areas. Also called rhinoscopy.
• National Cancer Institute -
  NCI. The National Cancer Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the Federal Government's principal agency for cancer research. NCI conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the NCI Web site at http://cancer.gov.
• National Data
  
• National Institutes of Health -
  NIH. The National Institutes of Health, the focal point of biomedical research in the United States, conducts research in its own laboratories; supports the research of non-Federal scientists in universities, medical schools, hospitals, and research institutions throughout the country and abroad; helps in the training of research investigators; and fosters communication of medical information. Access the NIH Web site at http://www.nih.gov.
• National Vital Statistics Reports
  
• National Women's Health Week
  
• Native-American Health
  
• Natru-Vent
  
• Natural Fiber Laxative
  
• Natural Gas Detectors for People With Diminished Sense of Smell
  
• Natural health
  Natural health is an eclectic self-care system of natural therapies that purports to build and restore health by working with the natural recuperative powers of the human body.
• Natural hygiene
  Natural hygiene is a variation of the nature cure. Its major practices are fasting, food combining, and a raw food diet.
• natural killer cell -
  NK cell. A type of white blood cell that contains granules with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or microbial cells. Also called a large granular lymphocyte.
• Natural short sleeper
  
• Natural therapies
  Natural therapy is the treatment method used by advocates of natural health, which is a form of alternative medicine.
• Natural therapy
  Natural therapy is the treatment method used by advocates of natural health.
• Natural Trim
  
• Nature cure
  Nature cure is the progenitor of naturopathy in Europe. It postulates that all disease is due to violations of nature's laws, and that true healing consists in a return to natural habits.
• Nature-Throid
  
• Naturopathic medicine
  Naturopathy is the eclectic practice of Naturopathic Doctors (N.D.) using many different natural therapies as treatment. The original method of treatment of Naturopathy was the water cure.
• Nauru
  The Republic of Nauru (pronounced nah-OO-roo), formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island republic in the South Pacific Ocean. It is one of the world's smallest independent countries both in terms of population and land area and the smallest independent republic in both terms. It is also the smallest non-European country (in terms of land area).
• Nausea
  Nausea (Greek Ναυτεία) is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit.
• Nausea And Vomiting
  
• Nausea, vomiting
  
• Navane
  Navane is an antipsychotic of the thioxanthene series and is considered a conventional or typical antipsychotic medication. It is a thioxanthene derivative and is the cis isomer of N,Ndimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-propylidene] thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide. Navane is available in generic form as thiothixene
• Navane Concentrate
  
• Navane Injection
  
• Navelbine
  A chemotherapy drug commonly used in advanced breast cancer. Neoadjuvant therapy: Chemotherapy given before surgery to shrink a cancer. Neuropathy: Disease or abnormality of the nervous system. Noninvasive: Self contained, not growing into or destroying healthy tissue. Nolvadex: Brand name for the hormonal drug tamoxifen.
• NB1011 -
  A substance that is being studied for its ability to make cancer cells respond to drugs to which they have become resistant. It belongs to the family of drugs called nucleoside analogs.
• NBI-3001 -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is made by combining interleukin 4 with a bacterial toxin, and belongs to the family of drugs called recombinant chimeric proteins. Also called interleukin-4 PE38KDEL immunotoxin and interleukin-4 PE38KDEL cytotoxin.
• NCCAM classifications
  NCCAM (http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/) has classified CAM therapies into five different categories, or domains.
• NCI -
  National Cancer Institute. NCI, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the Federal Government's principal agency for cancer research. NCI conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the NCI Web site at http://cancer.gov.
• NDDIC News
  
• Nebcin
  tobramycin: an antibiotic (trade name Nebcin) that is especially effective against Gram-negative bacteria
• Nebraska
  Nebraska a midwestern State of the United States, Nebraska gets its name from a Native American (Oto) word meaning "flat water", after the Platte River that flows through the State.Once considered part of the Great American Desert, it is now a leading farming state.Nebraskans have practiced scientific farming to turn the Nebraska prairie into a land of ranches and farms.Much of the history of the State is the story of the impact of the Nebraska farmer.
• nebulizer -
  A device used to turn liquid into a fine spray.
• NebuPent
  A drug used to treat and prevent PCP. Side effects when given by vein include kidney and pancreas damage as well as low blood sugar. Pentamidine can also be inhaled through a special machine to prevent PCP, although this is not a first-line therapy.
• Neck
  The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. An anatomical description of the human neck follows.
• Neck Disorders and Injuries
  
• neck dissection - dye-SEK-shun
  Surgery to remove lymph nodes and other tissues in the neck.
• Neck pain
  most pain and stiffness in the neck is caused by wear and tear of the joints, called 'cervical spondylosis'. Note that it is not to be confused with (ankylosing) spondylitis.
• Neck/Head Cancer
  
• Necon
  
• Necon 0.5/35
  
• Necon 1/35
  
• Necon 1/50
  
• necrosis - ne-KRO-sis
  Refers to the death of living tissues.
• Necrotizing enterocolitis
  Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a medical condition primarily seen in premature infants, where portions of the bowel undergo necrosis (tissue death).
• Necrotizing Fasciitis
  Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious but rare infection of the deeper layers of skin and subcutaneous tissues (fascia). While many other types of bacteria can cause necrotizing fasciitis, most cases result from Group A streptococcus.
• Necrotizing soft tissue infection
  
• Necrotizing vasculitis
  Systemic necrotizing vasculitis (SNV) is a type of vasculitis that presents with necrosis.
• Nedocromil Oral Inhalation
  
• Nedocromil Sodium Ophthalmic Solution
  
• Need for breathing machine and oxygen therapy
  
• needle biopsy -
  The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called fine-needle aspiration.
• needle-localized biopsy -
  A procedure that uses very thin needles or guide wires to mark the location of an abnormal area of tissue so it can be surgically removed. An imaging device is used to place the wire in or around the abnormal area. Needle localization is used when the doctor cannot feel the mass of abnormal tissue.
• Needlefree Injections
  
• Needlesticks
  
• Nefazodone
  an antidepressant drug (trade name Serzone)
• negative axillary lymph node -
  A lymph node in the armpit that is free of cancer.
• Negative Calorie Diet
  In Negative calorie diet and several versions of this diet, dieters are to eat and drink food products that have a negative caloric effect. ie. they give fewer calories than the calories needed to digest them. The negative calorie foods that are allowed in this diet include mainly vegetables and fruits such as: asparagus, beets, broccoli, green cabbage, carrots and cauliflower and apples, blueberries, cantaloupes, and cranberries respectively. ...
• negative test result -
  A test result that fails to show the specific disease or condition for which the test was being done.
• nelarabine -
  A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. Also called 506U78.
• Nelfinavir
  Nelfinavir (Viracept) is an antitretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nelfinavir belongs to the class of drugs known as protease inhibitors (PIs).
• nelfinavir mesylate -
  A drug that interferes with the ability of a virus to make copies of itself.
• Nelfinavir Solution
  
• Nelova 1/50 M
  
• Nelova 10/11
  
• Nembutal Elixir
  
• Nembutal Injection
  
• Nembutal Oral
  
• Nembutal Sodium
  
• Neo-Diaral
  
• Neo-Durabolic
  
• Neo-Synephrine
  
• Neo-Synephrine Injection
  
• neoadjuvant therapy - NEE-o-AD-joo-vant
  Treatment given before the primary treatment. Examples of neoadjuvant therapy include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy.
• Neocaf Injection
  
• Neocidin Ophthalmic Ointment
  
• Neomycin
  Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments and eyedrops.
• Neomycin and Polymyxin B Irrigant
  
• Neomycin and Polymyxin Irrigant
  
• Neomycin Oral
  
• Neomycin Oral Solution
  
• Neomycin Topical
  
• Neonatal
  The word Infant derives from the Latin in-fans, meaning unable to speak. It is commonly used as a slightly more formal word for baby (the youngest category of child). A newborn infant is known as a neonate (neonatal) after the final stage of gestation.
• Neonatal abstinence syndrome
  Withdrawal can refer to any sort of separation, but is most commonly used to describe the group of symptoms that occurs upon the abrupt ...
• Neonatal conjunctivitis
  Neonatal conjunctivitis also known as ophthalmia neonatorum, is a form of bacterial conjunctivitis contracted by newborns during delivery. ...
• Neonatal hypoglycemia
  Refers to a baby who is born with low blood-sugar levels.
• Neonatal hypothyroidism
  Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth. Approximately 1 in 4000 newborn infants has a ...
• Neonatal Jaundice
  Neonatal jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and other tissues of a newborn infant. A bilirubin level of more than 5 mg/dL manifests clinical ...
• Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
  
• Neonatal sepsis
  
• Neopap Suppositories
  
• neoplasia - NEE-o-PLAY-zha
  Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth.
• neoplasm -
  An abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division. Neoplasms may be benign (not cancerous), or malignant (cancerous). Also called tumor.
• neoplastic meningitis -
  A condition in which cancer cells spread into the meninges (membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord).
• Neoral Injection
  
• Neoral Solution
  
• Neosar
  
• Neosporin
  Neosporin is the product name of a bacitracin ointment produced by Pfizer used in the prevention of infection and speeding the healing of exposed Biological tissue.
• Neosporin G.U. Irrigant
  
• Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment
  
• Neostigmine
  Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.
• Neostigmine Injection
  
• Neostigmine Tablets
  
• NeoStrata AHA Gel for Age Spots and Skin Lightening
  
• Nepal
  The Kingdom of Nepal, situated in the Himalaya, is the world's only Hindu kingdom. It is in South Asia, sharing borders with the People's Republic of China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and India.
• nephrectomy - neh-FREK-tuh-mee
  Surgery to remove a kidney or part of a kidney. In a partial nephrectomy, part of one kidney or a tumor is removed, but not an entire kidney. In a simple nephrectomy, one kidney is removed. In a radical nephrectomy, an entire kidney, nearby adrenal gland and lymph nodes, and other surrounding tissue are removed. In a bilateral nephrectomy, both kidneys are removed.
• Nephritis
  Nephritis is inflammation of the kidney. The word comes from the Greek nephro- meaning "of the kidney" and -itis meaning "inflammation". The two most common causes of nephritis are infection or an auto-immune process.
• Nephroblastoma
  Wilms tumor is a neoplasm of the kidneys that typically occurs in children. It is eponymously named after Dr Max Wilms, a German surgeon (1867-1918). It is also known as a nephroblastoma.
• Nephrocalcinosis
  Nephrocalcinosis, once known as Albright's calcinosis after Fuller Albright, is a term originally used to describe deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism. It is now more commonly used to describe diffuse, fine, renal parenchymal calcification on radiology. ...
• Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, with reduction of fluid intake having no effect on the latter. There are several different types of DI, each with a different cause. ...
• nephrologist - neh-FROL-uh-jist
  A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating kidney disease.
• Nephrotic Syndrome
  Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder where the kidneys have been damaged, causing them to leak protein from the blood into the urine.
• Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults
  
• Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
  
• nephrotomogram - nef-ro-TOE-mo-gram
  A series of x-rays of the kidneys. The x-rays are taken from different angles and show the kidneys clearly, without the shadows of the organs around them.
• nephrotoxic -
  Poisonous or damaging to the kidney.
• nephroureterectomy -
  Surgery to remove a kidney and its ureter. Also called ureteronephrectomy.
• Neptazane
  
• nerve -
  A bundle of fibers that receives and sends messages between the body and the brain. The messages are sent by chemical and electrical changes in the cells that make up the nerves.
• nerve block -
  A procedure in which medicine is injected directly into or around a nerve or into the spine to block pain.
• nerve cell -
  A type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body. The messages are sent by a weak electrical current. Also called a neuron.
• Nerve damage
  Seddon's classification is a scheme for describing nerve injury.
• Nerve Disease and Bladder Control
  
• nerve grafting -
  Replacing a damaged nerve with a section of a healthy nerve that has been removed from another part of the body. This procedure is being studied in the prevention of erectile dysfunction in men having surgery for prostate cancer.
• Nerve Paralysis
  
• nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy -
  Surgery to remove the prostate in which an attempt is made to save the nerves that help cause penile erections.
• nerve-sparing surgery - SER-juh-ree
  A type of surgery that attempts to save the nerves near the tissues being removed.
• Nerves
  A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers or axons, which includes the glia that ensheath the axons in myelin. Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells, though this term is technically imprecise since many neurons do not form nerves. Nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. Afferent nerves convey sensory signals to the brain, for example from skin or organs, while efferent nerves conduct stimulatory signals from the brain to the muscles and glands.
• Nervous System
  The nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and processes input from the senses, and initiates actions. (see Central Nervous System).
• Nervous system problems for up to 1 year
  
• Nesacaine injection
  
• Nesacaine MPF injection
  
• Netherlands
  The Netherlands (: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). The Netherlands is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, located in northwestern Europe. It borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east. In many countries, the Netherlands is often referred to by the name Holland, although this usage is incorrect. ...
• Netherlands Antilles
  The Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: Nederlandse Antillen), previously known as the Netherlands West Indies, are part of the Lesser Antilles and consist of two groups of islands in the Caribbean Sea that form an autonomous part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (none of the other Antilles use this term in their name). The islands' economy is dependent mostly upon tourism and oil, though a large amount of money is also made through illegal drug trafficking.
• Nettle
  Nettle (Urtica) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Urticaceae, mostly perennial herbs but some are annual and a few are shrubby. The most prominent member of the genus is the Stinging nettle Urtica dioica, native to Europe, Asia, and North America. The genus also contains a number of other species with similar properties, listed below. ...
• Nettle Root
  
• Nettle Tops
  
• Neumega
  
• neural -
  Having to do with nerves or the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord.
• Neural Therapy
  The theory and system that treats pain and illness and resolves trauma in the body by injecting anesthetics which are believed to remove short circuits in the body’s electrical network, freeing up the body’s flow of energy and normalizing cellular function.
• Neural Tube Defect
  A neural tube defect will occur in human embryos if there is an interference with the closure of the neural tube that occurs around the 28th day ...
• Neural Tube Defects
  Abnormalities in the spinal cord.
• Neuralgia
  Neurasthenia (also known as Neuralgia) was a term first coined by Beard in 1869 to describe a condition with symptoms of fatigue, anxiety and pessimism. It was explained as being a result of exhaustion of the central nervous system's energy reserves which Beard attributed to civilisation. In the late 1800s it became a popular diagnosis and led to rest cures.
• Neuralgia/Neuropathy/Neuritis
  
• Neurilemmoma
  A schwannoma, also known as a neurilemmomaJames, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical ...
• Neurlgia/Neurpthy
  
• neuro-oncologist - NOO-ro-on-KOL-o-jist
  A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating brain tumors and other tumors of the nervous system.
• Neuroacanthocytosis
  
• neurobehavioral -
  Having to do with the way the brain affects emotion, behavior, and learning. Some cancers or their treatment may cause neurobehavioral problems.
• neuroblastoma -
  Cancer that arises in immature nerve cells and affects mostly infants and children.
• neurocognitive -
  Having to do with the ability to think and reason. This includes the ability to concentrate, remember things, process information, learn, speak, and understand.
• Neurocysticercosis
  a parasitic infection of the brain that can cause seizures.
• Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation
  
• neuroectodermal tumor -
  A tumor of the central or peripheral nervous system.
• neuroendocrine - NOO-ro-EN-do-krin
  Having to do with the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. Neuroendocrine describes certain cells that release hormones into the blood in response to stimulation of the nervous system.
• neuroendocrine tumor -
  A tumor derived from cells that release a hormone in response to a signal from the nervous system. Some examples of neuroendocrine tumors are carcinoid tumors, islet cell tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma. These tumors secrete hormones in excess, causing a variety of symptoms.
• neuroepithelial -
  Having to do with tissue made up of sensory cells, such as tissue found in the ear, nose, and tongue.
• Neurofeedback
  Neurofeedback, sometimes called NFB, neurobiofeedback or EEG biofeedback, is a method which attempts to train brainwave activity, as measured by electrodes on the scalp, and is presented to an individual as feedback in the form of a video display, sound or vibration. If brain activity changes in the direction desired by the therapist, a positive "reward" feedback is given to the individual, and if it regresses, either a negative feedback or no feedback is given (depending on the protocol). ...
• neurofibroma -
  A benign tumor that develops from the cells and tissues that cover nerves.
• Neurofibromatosis
  Neurofibromatosis is a condition in which noncancerous tumors called neurofibromas grow along nerves in the skin, brain, and other parts of the body. The two main types of neurofibromatosis can be distinguished by the locations of the tumors and by genetic testing. Genetic changes are related to the following types of neurofibromatosis. neurofibromatosis 1 neurofibromatosis 2 The features of neurofibromatosis depend on where the tumors are located and differ for each type of the condition. Sometimes the signs and symptoms are so mild that individuals may be unaware of having this disorder. In other cases, signs and symptoms can be very serious or life-threatening. For a discussion of specific features, please refer to the summaries for neurofibromatosis 1 and neurofibromatosis 2.
• Neurofibromatosis 1
  Neurofibromatosis 1 is a condition in which noncancerous tumors called neurofibromas grow along nerves in the skin, brain, and other parts of the body. Neurofibromatosis 1 is a subtype of neurofibromatosis. Beginning in early childhood, almost all people with neurofibromatosis 1 have multiple café-au-lait spots, which are flat, round spots on the skin that are the color of coffee with milk. These spots increase in size and number as the individual grows older. Freckles under the arms and in the groin develop later in childhood. Neurofibromatosis 1 is also characterized by the presence of neurofibromas, which are usually located on the skin and often increase in number over time. Neurofibromas may also occur in the spinal cord or along nerves elsewhere in the body. Cancers, which can include brain tumors and leukemia, occur in about 10 percent of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. During childhood, benign (noncancerous) growths called Lisch nodules often appear in the iris (the colored part of the eye). Lisch nodules do not interfere with vision. Another type of tumor, called an optic glioma, can occur on the nerve leading from the eye to the brain and sometimes causes decreased vision or total vision loss. Additional signs and symptoms include high blood pressure and bony changes such as curvature of the spine (scoliosis). Most people with neurofibromatosis 1 have normal intelligence. Fewer than 10 percent are mentally retarded, but about half of affected children have learning disabilities.
• Neurofibromatosis 2
  Neurofibromatosis 2 is a disorder in which noncancerous tumors called schwannomas develop in cells that form the protective covering for nerves in the inner ear. Tumors can also develop on nerves in other areas of the brain or spinal cord. Neurofibromatosis 2 is a subtype of neurofibromatosis. Signs and symptoms usually appear during adolescence or in a person's early 20s. The most common early symptoms are hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and loss of balance, which are caused by schwannomas growing on the nerve leading from the ear to the brain. If tumors develop in other parts of the brain, signs and symptoms vary according to the tumor's location and can include seizures, changes in vision or sensation, and fluid buildup in the brain. Some people with neurofibromatosis 2 also develop cataracts (clouding of the lens in the eye) at an early age.
• neurofibromatosis type 1 -
  NF1. A rare genetic condition that causes brown spots and tumors on the skin, freckling in skin areas not exposed to the sun, tumors on the nerves, and developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bone, and skin.
• neurofibromatosis type 2 -
  NF2. A genetic condition in which tumors form on the nerves of the inner ear and cause loss of hearing and balance. Tumors may also occur in the brain and on nerves in the skull and spinal cord, and may cause loss of speech, eye movement, and the ability to swallow. Also called acoustic neurofibromatosis.
• Neurogenic Bladder
  An atonic or unstable bladder associated with a neurological condition, such as diabetes, stroke or spinal cord injury.
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
  Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening, neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs. It is considered to be a very serious neurological disorder.
• Neuroleptics
  The term antipsychotic is applied to a group of drugs used to treat psychosis. Common conditions with which antipsychotics might be used include schizophrenia, mania and delusional disorder, although antipsychotics might be used to counter psychosis associated with a wide range of other diagnoses. Antipsychotics also have some effects as mood stabilizers, leading to their occasional use in treating mood disorder (particularly bipolar disorder) even when no signs of psychosis are present. ...
• Neurolinguistic Programming
  Neuro-linguistic programming" (NLP) is a field concerned with studying and modeling human performance and excellence, and attempts to build transferable skill sets. It is based on the assumption that the unconscious mind might be "programmed" like a computer through the use of language, as well as through images, sounds, and other sensory input. ...
• neurologic - noor-uh-LOJ-ik
  Having to do with nerves or the nervous system.
• Neurologic Diseases (General)
  Neurology is the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and its disorders. Physicians specializing in the field of neurology are called neurologists. Surgical operations on the nervous system are performed by physicians with specialized training - neurosurgeons, and in some cases, interventional neuroradiologists.
• Neurological Complications of AIDS
  
• neurological exam -
  A series of questions and tests to check brain, spinal cord, and nerve function. The exam checks a person’s mental status, coordination, ability to walk, and how well the muscles, sensory systems, and deep tendon reflexes work.
• Neurological Manifestations of Pompe Disease
  
• Neurological problems
  
• Neurological Sequelae Of Lupus
  
• neurologist - noo-ROL-o-jist
  A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
• neuroma - noo-RO-ma
  A tumor that arises in nerve cells.
• Neuromuscular Disorders
  include a variety of disorders, such as muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, and ataxia, that result in degeneration and atrophy of muscle or nerve tissues.
• neuromyelitis
  
• Neuromyelitis Optica
  
• neuron -
  A type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body. The messages are sent by a weak electrical current. Also called a nerve cell.
• Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLS)
  Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCL) is the general name for a family of at least eight genetically separate neurodegenerative disorders that ...
• Neuronal Migration Disorders
  
• Neurontin Oral Solution
  
• neuropathologist -
  A pathologist who specializes in diseases of the nervous system. A pathologist identifies disease by studying cells and tissues under a microscope.
• neuropathy -
  A problem in peripheral nerve function (any part of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord) that causes pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, and muscle weakness in various parts of the body. Neuropathies may be caused by physical injury, infection, toxic substances, disease (e.g., cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, or malnutrition), or drugs such as anticancer drugs. Also called peripheral neuropathy.
• Neuropathy secondary to drugs
  
• neuropeptide -
  A member of a class of protein-like molecules made in the brain. Neuropeptides consist of short chains of amino acids, with some functioning as neurotransmitters and some functioning as hormones.
• neuroradiologist -
  A doctor trained in radiology who specializes in creating and interpreting pictures of the nervous system. The pictures are produced using forms of radiation, such as x-rays, sound waves, or other types of energy.
• Neuroretinitis
  Inflammation of the optic nerve and retina, commonly caused by an infection. Symptoms include blurred vision, headache, floaters, eye pain or ...
• Neurosarcoidosis
  Neurosarcoidosis refers to sarcoidosis involving the central nervous system. Approximately 5-10% of people with sarcoidosis develop central nervous system involvement. Only 1% of people with sarcoidosis will have neurosarcoidosis alone.
• neurosurgeon - NOO-ro-SER-jun
  A doctor who specializes in surgery on the brain, spine, and other parts of the nervous system.
• Neurosurgery
  Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central and peripheral nervous systems and spinal column diseases amenable to surgical intervention. In the United States there are only about 3,000 neurosurgeons.
• Neurosyphilis
  Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The route of transmission of syphilis is almost always through sexual contact, although there are examples of congenital syphilis via transmission from mother to child in utero.
• neurotoxicity -
  The tendency of some treatments to cause damage to the nervous system.
• neurotoxin -
  A substance that is poisonous to nerve tissue.
• neurotropism -
  An ability to invade and live in neural tissue. This term is usually used to describe the ability of viruses to infect nerve tissue.
• Neut
  Pulse neutron generator accelerators generate neutrons of 2.5 and 14.1 MeV. Thousands of such small, relatively inexpensive systems have been built over the past five decades. Neutrons, usually bonded to protons, are 'fired' as plasma.
• NeutraCare Gel
  
• NeutraGard Rinse
  
• Neutragena
  
• neutropenia -
  An abnormal decrease in the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell.
• Neutropenia - infants
  
• neutrophil - NOO-tro-fil
  A type of white blood cell.
• Nevada
  Nevada is a state located in the western United States. The population as of July 2004 was estimated to be 2,334,771, up nearly 17% from the 2000 census figure of 1,998,257. Nevada is the fastest growing state in the country. Between 2000 and 2003, Nevada's population increased 12.2%, while the USA's population increased 3.3%. Between 1990 and 2000, Nevada's population increased 66.3%, while the USA's population increased 13.1%.
• Nevi
  A cluster of melanocytes. Nevi on the skin are commonly called moles.
• Nevirapine
  Boehringer Ingelheim's NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (NNRTI). Nevirapine is FDA-approved for treatment of HIV-infected adults in combination with NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS. Possible SIDE EFFECTS include severe rash, fever and liver impairment. Nevirapine interacts with many other drugs.
• Nevirapine Oral Suspension
  
• nevus - NEE-vus
  A benign growth on the skin, such as a mole. A mole is a cluster of melanocytes and surrounding supportive tissue that usually appears as a tan, brown, or flesh-colored spot on the skin. The plural of nevus is nevi (NEE-vye).
• Nevus Cavernosus
  
• New Brunswick
  New Brunswick (French: Nouveau-Brunswick) is one of Canada's provinces, and the only officially bilingual province (French and English). Its capital is Fredericton. Its population is slowly growing, and now exceeds 750,000 (New Brunswickers).
• New Caledonia
  New Caledonia (French: Nouvelle-Calédonie; popular names: Kanaky, Le caillou) is a French territory of 18,575 km² (7,172 sq. miles) made up of a main island and several smaller islands, in the southwest Pacific. Population in 2004 is about 220,000 inhabitants (Projection from the 1996 census). It has an Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of .nc. ...
• New Direction
  
• New Hampshire
  New Hampshire is a small U.S. state in northern New England. It is located east of Vermont, north of Massachusetts, south of Quebec, Canada, and west of Maine and the North Atlantic Ocean. The state ranks 46th of the 50 states in land area (23,249 km2) and 41st in population (around 1.3 million by a 2003 U.S. Census Bureau estimate). ...
• New Jersey
  New Jersey is the most densely populated state of the United States of America and has the U.S. postal abbreviation of NJ. It is also the fifth smallest state. The state is named after the island of Jersey in the English Channel.
• New Mediterranean Diet
  
• New Mexico
  New Mexico (Spanish: Nuevo México) is one of the two southwestern states of the USA. Over its relatively long history it has also been occupied by Native American populations, part of the Spanish colony of New Spain, a province of the Republic of Mexico, and a US territory. New Mexico holds the distinction of being the state with the highest percentage of people who claim Hispanic ancestry, many of whom are descended from Spanish colonists. ...
• New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
  Disease in humans that causes the brain to waste away, caused by eating meat infected with Mad Cow Disease (BSE) or other related animal diseases. It was first detected in 1994, and although it is still not known how much time it takes for symptoms to show up after a person is exposed, some scientists say it may take up to 40 years, so it is still not known how many people have been infected.
• New York
  New York is a state in the northeastern United States whose U.S. postal abbreviation is NY. It is sometimes called New York State when there is need to distinguish it from New York City.
• New Zealand
  New Zealand is an island nation state in the south-western Pacific Ocean. The country consists of two major islands and a number of smaller islands. A popular Māori name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, often translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud. New Zealand is a parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth Realm. New Zealand is responsible for the self-governing states of the Cook Islands and Niue and administers Tokelau and the Ross Dependency.
• Newborn Care
  
• Newborn Hearing Screening: Has Your Baby's Hearing Been Screened?
  
• Newborn jaundice
  Neonatal jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and other tissues of a newborn infant. A bilirubin level of more than 5 mg/dL manifests clinical ...
• Newborns are at risk for severe infection, if they are exposed and their mothers are not immune.
  
• Newfoundland and Labrador
  Newfoundland and Labrador (French, Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, Irish: Talamh an Éisc, Latin: Terra Nova) was the tenth province to join the Canadian confederation. Its capital is St. John's.
• NF1 -
  Neurofibromatosis type 1. A rare genetic condition that causes brown spots and tumors on the skin, freckling in skin areas not exposed to the sun, tumors on the nerves, and developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bone, and skin.
• NG-monomethyl-L-arginine -
  An amino acid derivative used to counteract high blood pressure caused by interleukin-2.
• Ngu
  Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is an inflammation of the urethra which is not caused by gonorrheal infection.
• Niacin
  Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. The designation vitamin B3 also includes the amide form, nicotinamide or niacinamide. Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra, whereas a mild deficiency slows down the metabolism, which in turn decreases cold tolerance and is a potential contributing factor towards obesity.
• Niacin Extended Release
  
• Niacin extended-release and lovastatin
  
• Niacin Injection
  
• Niacin Oral Solution
  
• niacinamide -
  A vitamin being studied to increase the effect of radiation therapy on tumor cells. Also called nicotinamide.
• Niaspan
  
• Nicaragua
  Nicaragua is a republic in Central America. It is the largest Central American nation but the least densely populated. It is bordered on the north by Honduras and on south by Costa Rica. Its western coastline is on the Pacific Ocean, while the east side of the country is on the Caribbean Sea. ...
• Nicardipine
  
• Nicardipine Injection
  
• NicoDerm
  
• nicotinamide -
  A vitamin being studied to increase the effect of radiation therapy on tumor cells. Also called niacinamide.
• Nicotine
  Nicotine is an organic compound, an alkaloid found naturally throughout the tobacco plant, with a high concentration in the leaves. It is considered a carcinogen, and constitutes 0.3 to 5% of the plant by dry weight. The biosynthesis takes place in the roots and it is accumulated in the leaves. It is a potent nerve poison and is included in many insecticides. ...
• Nicotine Addicition
  
• Nicotine addiction
  Tobacco smoking is the act of smoking tobacco products, especially cigarettes and cigars. Tobacco smoking is considered a significant cause of human health problems, especially lung cancer, emphysema, and other disorders.
• Nicotine Gum
  Nicotine gum is a type of chewing gum that delivers nicotine to the body. It is used as an aid in smoking cessation and in quitting smokeless tobacco. The nicotine is delivered to the bloodstream via absorption by the tissues of the mouth. The gum is first chewed until it is soft and a tingly sensation and/or peppery taste is noticed, after which it is pressed between the cheek and gums. ...
• Nicotine Inhaler
  
• Nicotine Lozenge
  
• Nicotine nasal spray
  
• Nicotine Skin Patches
  
• Nicotine transdermal system
  
• Nicotine withdrawal
  Nicotine withdrawal is a term used to describe when a person who is nicotine dependent suddenly stops or significantly reduces their nicotine ...
• Nicotrol
  
• Nicotrol Inhaler
  
• Nicotrol nasal spray
  
• Niemann-Pick disease
  Niemann-Pick disease is an inherited condition involving lipid metabolism (the breakdown and use of fats and cholesterol in the body) in which harmful amounts of lipids accumulate in the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and brain. This disorder is divided into four main types based on the genetic cause and the signs and symptoms exhibited by the patient. Type A Niemann-Pick disease begins during infancy and is characterized by an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), failure to thrive, and progressive deterioration of the nervous system. Children affected by this condition generally do not survive past early childhood. Type B disease may include signs of hepatosplenomegaly, growth retardation, and problems with lung function including frequent lung infections. Other signs include blood abnormalities such as abnormal cholesterol and lipid levels, and low numbers of blood cells involved in clotting (platelets). People affected by this type of Niemann-Pick disease usually survive into adulthood. Niemann-Pick disease, type C is further subdivided into types C1 and C2, each caused by a different gene mutation. Both types C1 and C2 Niemann-Pick disease are most commonly characterized by onset in childhood, although infant and adult onsets are possible. Other signs include severe liver disease, breathing difficulties, developmental delay, seizures, increased muscle tone (dystonia), lack of coordination, problems with feeding, and an inability to move the eyes vertically. People with this disorder can survive into adulthood.
• Nifediac CC
  
• Nifedipine
  Nifedipine (brand name Adalat and Procardia) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Its main uses are in angina pectoris (especially Prinzmetal angina) and hypertension, although a large number of other uses have recently been found for this agent, such as Raynaud's phenomenon, premature labor, and painful spasms of the esophagus in cancer patients.
• Nifedipine ER
  
• Niferex
  
• Niferex 150
  
• Niger
  Niger is a landlocked sub-Saharan country in Western Africa situated north of Nigeria, east of Mali, and south of Algeria and Libya, named after the Niger river. The capital city is Niamey.
• Nigeria
  The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It is the most populous country in Africa. It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, the former capital Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Osogbo, Ilesa, Port Harcourt, Enugu, Kano, Kaduna, Jos, and Benin City. The country's name is unrelated to its African heritage; it was proposed by a Times article in 1897.
• Night Blindness
  Nyctalopia (from Greek νύκτ-, nykt- "night"; and αλαός, alaos "blindness") is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases. ...
• Night terror
  A comprehensive list of characters from the Soul series of fighting games produced by Namco.
• Nightmares
  Nightmares was a novel series of young adult horror fiction that began in 1992 to 1996, it ran alongside other well-known series such as Point Horror and Fear Street.
• NIH -
  National Institutes of Health. NIH, the focal point of biomedical research in the United States, conducts research in its own laboratories; supports the research of non-Federal scientists in universities, medical schools, hospitals, and research institutions throughout the country and abroad; helps in the training of research investigators; and fosters communication of medical information. Access the NIH Web site at http://www.nih.gov.
• Niloric
  
• Nilstat Oral Suspension
  
• nilutamide - nye-LOO-ta-mide
  A drug that blocks the effects of male hormones in the body. It belongs to the family of drugs called antiandrogens.
• Nimbex injection
  
• nimodipine -
  Belongs to a family of drugs called calcium channel blockers. It is being investigated for use with anticancer drugs to prevent or overcome drug resistance and improve response to chemotherapy.
• NIOSH Alerts
  
• NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletins
  
• NIOSH FACE Program
  
• NIOSH Federal Register Notices
  
• NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluations
  
• NIOSH Training Grant Program
  
• Nipah virus Encephalitis
  
• nipple -
  In anatomy, the small raised area in the center of the breast through which milk can flow to the outside.
• nipple discharge -
  Fluid coming from the nipple.
• Nipple problems
  
• Nisoldipine
  
• Nitrate
  The nitrate ion is NO3-.
• nitric acid -
  A toxic, corrosive, colorless liquid used to make fertilizers, dyes, explosives, and other chemicals.
• Nitric Oxide
  The chemical compound nitric oxide is a gas with chemical formula NO. It is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals including humans, one of the few gaseous signaling molecules known. It is also a toxic air pollutant produced by automobile engines and power plants.
• Nitro-Bid IV
  
• Nitro-Bid Ointment
  
• Nitro-Dur
  
• nitrocamptothecin -
  An alkaloid drug belonging to a class of anticancer agents called topoisomerase inhibitors.
• Nitrodisc
  
• Nitrofurantoin
  Nitrofurantoin (trade names Furadantin, Macrobid, Microdantina, and Macrodantinis) is an antibiotic drug. While it can fight a wide variety of infections, commonly used to fight urinary tract infections. The drug is considered reasonably safe during pregnancy by the FDA. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of protein in bacteria.
• Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension
  
• Nitrogard
  
• Nitrogen Mustard
  a toxic compound resembling mustard gas in structure; important in cancer treatment
• Nitroglycerin
  Nitroglycerin, also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin, and glyceryl trinitrate, is a chemical compound, a heavy, colorless, poisonous, oily, explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol. It is used in the manufacture of explosives, specifically dynamite, and as such is employed in the construction and demolition industries. It is also used medically as a vasodilator to treat heart conditions. It is colored yellow when it is decomposing due to acidic pH.
• Nitroglycerin Buccal ER Tablets
  
• Nitroglycerin ER
  
• Nitroglycerin Injection
  
• Nitroglycerin Ointment
  
• Nitroglycerin Skin Patches
  
• Nitroglycerin Spray
  
• Nitroglycerin Sublingual Tablet
  
• Nitroglyn
  
• Nitrol
  
• Nitrolingual
  
• Nitropress
  
• Nitroprusside
  
• NitroQuick
  
• nitrosourea - nye-TRO-so-yoo-REE-ah
  An anticancer drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Carmustine and lomustine are nitrosoureas.
• Nitrostat
  Nitrospan: trade names for nitroglycerin used as a coronary vasodilator in the treatment of angina pectoris
• Nitrous Oxide
  Nitrous oxide, also known as dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide, is a chemical compound with chemical formula N2O. Under room conditions it is a colourless non-flammable gas, with a pleasant slightly sweet odor. It is commonly known as laughing gas due to the exhilarating effects of inhaling it, and because it can cause spontaneous laughter in some users. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anaesthetic and analgesic effects. ...
• Niue
  Niue is an island located in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as "Rock of Polynesia". Although it is self-governing, it is in free association with New Zealand, and most nations regard it as a territory of that nation. Niue is located 2,400 kilometres north-east of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga, Samoa and the Cook Islands.
• Nizatadine Capsules
  
• Nizatidine capsules
  
• Nizoral Cream
  
• Nizoral Shampoo
  
• Nizoral Tablets
  
• NK cell -
  Natural killer cell. A type of white blood cell that contains granules with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or microbial cells. Also called a large granular lymphocyte.
• NMRI -
  Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. A procedure in which a magnet linked to a computer is used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body.
• No-Tuss
  
• Nocardia infection
  Nocardia is a genus of weakly-staining Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It forms partially acid-fast beaded branching ...
• Nocardiosis
  Nocardiosis is an infectious disease affecting either the lungs (pulmonary nocardiosis) or the whole body (systemic nocardiosis). It is due to infection by either Nocardia asteroides or Nocardia brasiliensis. The risk is greatly increased by immune suppression.
• Nocturnal Enuresis
  Bedwetting (or enuresis or '"sleepwetting"') is involuntary urination while asleep. It is the normal state of affairs in infancy, but can be a source of embarrassment when it persists into school age or beyond.
• Nocturnal Myoclonus
  a brief rapid twitch that occurs at night as a result of a sudden contraction of one or more muscle groups; former name of Periodic Limb Movement Disorder.
• node-negative -
  Cancer that has not spread to the lymph nodes.
• node-positive -
  Cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes.
• NoDoz
  
• Nodular Goiter
  
• nodular parenchyma -
  A small mass of tissue within a gland or organ that carries out the specialized functions of the gland or organ.
• nodule - NOD-yool
  A growth or lump that may be cancerous or noncancerous.
• Nodules
  A nodule describes similar aggregation of cells or particles in a number of scientific fields: * In medicine it refers to a small aggregation of cells. Nodules may form on tendons and muscles in response to injury. The vocal cords may also develop nodules. Nodules are normally benign and often painless although they can affect the functioning of the organ.
• Noise
  Noise music is music that uses sounds regarded as unpleasant or painful under normal circumstances. "Noise" music is regarded by some as a contradiction in terms, because "noise" is generally defined as unwanted and undesigned or unintentional sound and music as the opposite. However, "noise" in a more general sense refers to any extremely loud or discordant sound, and that these sounds are often the basis of noise music. ...
• Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
  hearing loss that is caused either by a one-time or repeated exposure to very loud sound or sounds at various loudness levels over an extended period of time.
• Noise: How Loud Is Too Loud?
  
• nolatrexed -
  A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Also called AG337.
• Noma
  Noma (from Greek numein: to devour) also known as cancrum oris or gangrenous stomatitis, is a gangrenous disease leading to tissue destruction of the face, especially the mouth and cheek.
• non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -
  A group of cancers of the lymphoid system, including B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, immunoblastic large cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, small non-cleaved cell lymphoma, and T-cell lymphoma.
• Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma During Pregnancy
  
• Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Adult
  
• Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Childhood
  
• non-Melanoma
  
• Non-pathogenic Intestinal Amebae Infection
  
• non-polio
  
• Non-polio Enterovirus Infections
  
• Non-Prescription Drugs
  
• non-small cell lung cancer -
  A group of lung cancers that includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  As its name signifies, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is fatty inflammation of the liver when this is not due to excessive alcohol use. It is a major cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis of the liver.
• Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
  As its name signifies, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is fatty inflammation of the liver when this is not due to excessive alcohol use. It is a major cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis of the liver.
• nonblinded -
  Describes a clinical trial or other experiment in which the researchers know what treatments are being given to each study subject or experimental group. If human subjects are involved, they know what treatments they are receiving.
• nonconsecutive case series -
  A clinical study that includes some, but not all, of the eligible patients identified by the researchers during the study registration period. This type of study does not usually have a control group.
• noncontiguous lymphoma -
  Lymphoma in which the lymph nodes containing cancer are not next to each other, but are on the same side of the diaphragm (the thin muscle below the lungs that helps breathing and separates the chest from the abdomen).
• Nongonococcal Urethritis
  Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is an inflammation of the urethra which is not caused by gonorrheal infection.
• Nongonococcal Urethritis/ngu
  
• nonhematologic cancer -
  Cancer that does not begin in the blood or bone marrow.
• nonlytic -
  In biology, refers to viruses that do not kill infected cells by disrupting their plasma membranes.
• nonmalignant -
  Not cancerous.
• nonmalignant hematologic disorder -
  A disorder of the blood. Some nonmalignant hematologic disorders may lead to leukemia.
• nonmelanoma skin cancer -
  Skin cancer that arises in basal cells or squamous cells but not in melanocytes (pigment-producing cells of the skin).
• nonmelanomatous -
  Having to do with skin cancer that develops in basal cells or squamous cells but not in melanocytes (pigment-producing cells of the skin).
• nonmetastatic -
  Cancer that has not spread from the primary (original) site to other sites in the body.
• nonopioid -
  A drug that is not an opioid. Examples include acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
• Nonoxynol-9
  Nonoxynol-9 is a chemical that is widely used in contraceptives for its spermicidal properties.
• nonprescription -
  A medicine that can be bought without a doctor's order. Examples include some analgesics (pain relievers). Also called over-the-counter (OTC).
• nonrandomized clinical trial -
  A clinical trial in which the participants are not assigned by chance to different treatment groups. Participants may choose which group they want to be in, or they may be assigned to the groups by the researchers.
• nonseminoma - non-sem-ih-NO-ma
  A group of testicular cancers that begin in the germ cells (cells that give rise to sperm). Nonseminomas are identified by the type of cell in which they begin and include embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, and yolk sac carcinoma.
• Nonspecific back pain
  Pain that may be due to a single type of soft tissue injury, such as a muscle strain, or to a combination of soft tissue injuries (muscle ...
• nonspecific immune cell -
  A cell (such as a phagocyte or a macrophage) that responds to many antigens, not just one antigen.
• Nonsteroid Medication
  
• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug -
  NSAID. A drug that decreases fever, swelling, pain, and redness.
• Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated to NSAIDs, are drugs with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects - they reduce pain, fever and inflammation. The term "non-steroidal" is used to distinguish these drugs from steroids, which (amongst a broad range of other effects) have a similar eicosanoid depressing anti-inflammatory action. NSAIDs are sometimes also referred to as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics (NSAIAs). ...
• nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor -
  A drug that decreases the production of sex hormones (estrogen or testosterone) and slows the growth of tumors that need sex hormones to grow.
• Nonsyndromic deafness
  Nonsyndromic deafness is hearing loss that is not associated with other signs and symptoms. In contrast, syndromic deafness includes forms of hearing loss that are part of genetic syndromes. Syndromic deafness is related to characteristic sets of findings affecting other parts of the body. Genetic changes are related to the following types of nonsyndromic deafness. nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness, mitochondrial nonsyndromic deafness, X-linked The different types of nonsyndromic deafness are named according to their inheritance patterns. Autosomal dominant forms are designated DFNA, autosomal recessive forms are DFNB, X-linked forms are DFN, and mitochondrial forms are DFNM. Each type is also numbered in the order in which it was described. For example, DFNA1 was the first described autosomal dominant type of nonsyndromic deafness. Most forms of nonsyndromic deafness are associated with permanent hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear. The inner ear consists of a snail-shaped structure called the cochlea that helps process sound, nerves that send information from the cochlea to the brain, and structures involved with balance. Loss of hearing caused by changes in the inner ear is called sensorineural deafness. Some forms of nonsyndromic deafness involve changes in both the inner ear and the middle ear. This combination is called mixed hearing loss. The severity of hearing loss varies and can change over time. It can affect one ear (unilateral) or both ears (bilateral). Degrees of hearing loss range from mild (a person may have trouble understanding soft speech) to profound (a person is unable to hear even very loud noises). The loss may be stable, or it may progress as a person gets older. Particular types of nonsyndromic deafness show distinctive patterns of hearing loss. For example, the loss may be more pronounced at high, middle, or low tones. Nonsyndromic deafness can occur at any age. Hearing loss that is present before a child learns to speak is classified as prelingual or congenital. Hearing loss that occurs after the development of speech is classified as postlingual.
• Nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal recessive
  Nonsyndromic deafness is hearing loss that is not associated with other signs and symptoms. Nonsyndromic deafness is often genetic and can be described by its pattern of inheritance. An autosomal recessive inheritance pattern means that two copies of the gene must be altered for a person to be affected. Nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal recessive is a subtype of nonsyndromic deafness. Most forms of autosomal recessive deafness are characterized by stable, severe to profound hearing loss from birth. The hearing loss is sensorineural, which means that it is caused by changes in the inner ear. The level of hearing loss varies within and among families.
• nontoxic -
  Not harmful or destructive.
• Nontropical sprue
  An old name of the disease now known as coeliac disease or gluten enteropathy
• Nonulcer dyspepsia
  A common disorder in which the upper digestive tract produces symptoms such as pain, burning or discomfort in the upper abdomen, but tests fail to reveal a specific cause such as a peptic ulcer.
• Nonulcer indigestion
  
• Nonulcer stomach pain
  
• Noonan syndrome
  Noonan syndrome is a developmental disorder characterized by unusual facial characteristics, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, and skeletal abnormalities. Most males with this disorder have undescended testicles (cryptorchidism).
• Nopal
  Nopales are a vegetable, made from the young stem segments of prickly pear, carefully peeled to remove the spines.
• Norcept-E 1/35
  
• Norcuron
  
• Nordette
  
• Norel DM liquid
  
• Norepinephrine
  Noradrenaline (BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) or norepinephrine (INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE)is a catecholamine with dual roles as a hormone and ...
• Norepinephrine Injection
  
• Norethindrone
  a synthetic progestational hormone (trade name Norlutin) used in oral contraceptives and to treat endometriosis
• Norethindrone Oral
  
• Norflex
  orphenadrine: a skeletal muscle relaxant (trade name Norflex) used to treat severe muscle strain and Parkinsonism
• Norflex Injection
  
• Norfloxacin
  Quinoline-derived synthetic antibacterial agent with a very broad spectrum of action. Oral administration yields highly bactericidal plasma, tissue, and urine levels. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA-gyrase and is used in gastrointestinal, eye, and urinary infections.
• Norfloxacin Ophthalamic
  
• Norfolk Island
  Norfolk Island is an island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, and is one of Australia's external territories. The island is 34 km². The Norfolk Island pine, also pictured in the flag, is a very striking evergreen tree endemic to the island and is quite popular in Australia, where two related species grow.
• Norgestrel
  synthetic progestin used in oral contraceptives
• Norinyl 1+50
  
• Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
  Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological disorder often misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and senility. It brings incontinence, difficulty walking (ataxia-like wide-based gait), and memory problems. NPH stems from an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain enlarging ventricles and stretching the brain's tissues.
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
  Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a chronic type of communicating hydrocephalus whereby the increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) due to ...
• Normiflo - No longer available
  
• Normodyne Injection
  
• Norovirus Infection
  
• Norpace
  
• Norplant
  Norplant is a form of birth control released in 1991 by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, consisting of a set of six small, silicone capsules filled with levonorgestrel, a synthetic progestin used in many birth control pills. In 2002, Norplant was discontinued from production; limited supplies still remained until 2004.
• North America
  North America is the third largest continent in area and in population after Asia and Africa. It is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of 9,355,000 square miles (24,230,000 square kilometers). In 2001 its population was estimated at 454,225,000. It can be geographically defined by subtracting South America from the supercontinent of the Americas. ...
• North Carolina
  North Carolina is a southern state in the United States. North Carolina is one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. It is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, and the Atlantic Ocean on the east.
• North Dakota
  North Dakota is a state of the United States, named after the Dakota segment of the Sioux Native American Indians. Its U.S. postal abbreviation is ND. The entire state is covered by area code 701.
• North Korea
  North Korea, known officially as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK; Korean: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk; Chosŏngŭl: 조선민주주의인민공화국; Hanja: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國), is a country in eastern Asia, covering the northern half of the peninsula of Korea. ...
• Northern Mariana Islands
  The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is a commonwealth in political union with the United States of America at a strategic location in the West Pacific Ocean. It consists of 14 islands about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines, at .
• Northwest Territories
  One of the territories of Arctic Canada, the Northwest Territories (NWT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) has a landmass of 1,171,918 square kilometres and a population of 42,944 as of the January 1, 2005.
• Nortrel 0.5/35
  
• Nortrel 1/35
  
• Nortrel 7/7/7
  
• Nortriptyline
  Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant marketed under the tradenames Aventyl® and Pamelor®. It is used to treat depression.
• Nortriptyline Oral Solution
  
• Norvir Oral Solution
  
• Norwalk Virus Infections
  
• Norwalk/Norwalk-like Virus Infection
  
• Norway
  The Kingdom of Norway is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering Sweden, Finland and Russia, with territorial waters bordering Danish and British waters. It has a very elongated form and has an extensive coastline along the North Atlantic Ocean, where Norway's famous fjords are found. ...
• Nose
  Anatomically, a nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration. In most mammals, it also houses the nosehairs, which catch airborne particles and prevent them from reaching the lungs. Within and behind the nose is the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. ...
• Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
  
• Nose Bleeds
  
• Nose Disorders
  
• Not Assigned
  
• Not enough blood flow past the dissection
  
• Nova Scotia
  Nova Scotia (Latin for New Scotland; “Alba Nuadh” in Scottish Gaelic, la Nouvelle-Écosse in French) is a Canadian province on the North Atlantic coast. Nova Scotia has an area of 55,500 km² and a population of just under 940,000 (Nova Scotians). Its capital is Halifax.
• novobiocin -
  An antibiotic drug used to treat infection.
• Novocaine
  Procaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic used primarily in dentistry. It is primarily known as novocaine, or by the trade name Novocain®.
• Novolin 70/30
  
• NovoLog Mix
  
• NovoSeven
  
• Nph Insulin
  Neutral Protamine Hagedorn was created in 1936 when Nordisk formulated "isophane" porcine insulin by adding Neutral Protamine to regular insulin. ...
• NPO -
  A Latin abbreviation for “nothing by mouth.”
• NR-LU-10 antigen -
  A protein found on the surface of some cancers.
• NSAID -
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. A drug that decreases fever, swelling, pain, and redness.
• NSAIDs and Peptic Ulcers
  
• NT-proBNP
  
• Nu-Iron
  
• Nu-Iron-150
  
• Nubain
  Synthetic narcotic pain reliever commonly used in labor and delivery.
• Nuclear Energy
  Nuclear Energy is energy due to the splitting or fusing of the nuclei of atom(s). The conversion of nuclear mass to energy is consistent with the mass-energy equivalence formula ΔE = Δm. ...
• nuclear grade -
  An evaluation of the size and shape of the nucleus in tumor cells and the percentage of tumor cells that are in the process of dividing or growing. Cancers with low nuclear grade grow and spread less quickly than cancers with high nuclear grade.
• Nuclear Imaging
  Using a safe, low dose of radioactive substance, this test shows blood flow through the heart muscle which is used in detecting coronary artery disease.
• nuclear magnetic resonance imaging -
  NMRI. A procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures can show the difference between normal and diseased tissue. NMRI makes better images of organs and soft tissue than other scanning techniques, such as CT or X-ray. NMRI is especially useful for imaging the brain, spine, the soft tissue of joints, and the inside of bones. Also called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• nuclear medicine scan -
  A method of diagnostic imaging that uses very small amounts of radioactive material. The patient is injected with a liquid that contains the radioactive substance, which collects in the part of the body to be imaged. Sophisticated instruments detect the radioactive substance in the body and process that information into an image.
• Nucleoside Analogues
  
• NuLytely
  
• Numbness
  Paresthesia (pron. ; paraesthesia in British English, pron. ) is a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect. ...
• Numbness of any part of the face or body
  
• Nummular eczema
  Nummular dermatitis (also known as "Nummular eczema," and "Nummular neurodermatitis"James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ...
• Numzident Gel
  
• Nuquin HP
  
• Nuro Developmenta Therapy
  
• Nuromax
  
• nurse -
  A health professional trained to care for people who are ill or disabled.
• Nursemaid’s elbow
  
• Nurses
  A nurse is a health care professional, who is engaged in the practice of nursing. Nurses are men and women who are responsible (with others) for the safety and recovery of acutely ill or injured people, health maintenance of the healthy, and treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a wide range of health care settings.
• Nurses/nursing
  
• Nursing
  Nursing is a discipline focused on assisting individuals, families and communities in attaining, re-attaining and maintaining optimal health and functioning. Modern definitions of nursing define it as a science and an art that focuses on quality of life as defined by persons and families. Nursing is not only concerned about health and functioning but with quality of living and dying, lived experience, and universal lived experiences of health.
• Nursing Home Care
  As defined in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, nursing home care refers to long-term, personal care provided in long-term care facilities.
• Nursing Home Care Survey
  
• Nursing Homes
  A nursing home is a place of residence for people who require constant medical care. Usually the residents are elderly, but the term can apply to places of care for the mentally or physically ill. In America, nursing homes are required to have a licensed nurse on duty 24 hours a day, and during at least one shift each day, one of those nurses must be a Registered Nurse.
• nutraceutical -
  A food or dietary supplement that is believed to provide health benefits.
• Nutricounter
  
• nutrient -
  A chemical compound (such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, or minerals) that make up foods. These compounds are used by the body to function and grow.
• Nutrisystem
  
• Nutrisystem Diet
  
• nutrition -
  The taking in and use of food and other nourishing material by the body. Nutrition is a 3-part process. First, food or drink is consumed. Second, the body breaks down the food or drink into nutrients. Third, the nutrients travel through the bloodstream to different parts of the body where they are used as "fuel" and for many other purposes. To give the body proper nutrition, a person has to eat and drink enough of the foods that contain key nutrients.
• Nutrition &
  
• Nutrition - Vitamins and Supplements
  
• Nutrition and Diet
  
• Nutrition and Kidney Disease
  
• Nutrition for Seniors
  
• Nutrition Therapy
  A component of medical treatment that includes oral, enteral, and parenteral nutrition.
• Nutrition/Diet
  
• Nutritional Medicine
  Nutritional medicine is based on the belief that when the body is supplied with the correct balance of foods, vitamins, and nutrients, it will be healthy. When disease is present, an attempt is made to fortify the affected organs or organ systems through supplemental targeted nutrition.
• Nutritional Supplements
  In the United States, a dietary supplement is defined under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 as a product taken by the mouth that contains a dietary ingredient that is intended as a supplement to the diet. ...
• Nutritional Support
  
• Nutritional Therapies
  
• Nutritional Therapy
  The diet can have dramatic influences on our health and well being. If we recognize that the body chemistry of each person is different, the need for different diets is apparent.
• nutritionist -
  A health professional with special training in nutrition who can offer help with the choice of foods a person eats and drinks. Also called a dietitian.
• NuvaRing
  Der Vaginalring oder NuvaRing® ist ein hormonelles Verhütungsmittel, welches mit Hormonen, ähnlich wie bei der Antibabypille, dem Körper eine Schwangerschaft vortäuscht. Es handelt sich um einen Ring, der in die Vagina eingeführt wird und nach drei Wochen wieder entfernt wird. Daraufhin folgen sieben Tage ohne Ring, in denen die Monatsblutung einsetzt.
• Nydrazid Injection
  
• Nymphomania
  Hypersexuality describes human sexual behavior at levels high enough to be considered clinically significant.
• Nystagmus
  Nystagmus is rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement, with the eyes moving quickly in one direction (quick phase), and then slowly in the other (slow phase). The direction of nystagmus is defined by the direction of its quick phase (e.g., right nystagmus is due to a right moving quick phase). ...
• nystatin -
  A drug that treats infections caused by fungi.
• Nystatin and Triamcinolone
  
• Nystatin Oral Suspension
  
• Nystatin Tablets
  
• Nystatin Topical
  
• Nystatin Troche
  
• Nystatin Vaginal Tablet